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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Initiation of antiretroviral treatment in women after delivery can induce multiclass drug resistance in breastfeeding HIV-infected infants
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 52, No. 8, Year 2011
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Description
Background.The World Health Organization currently recommends initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected lactating women with CD4+ cell counts <350 cells/μL or stage 3 or 4 disease. We analyzed antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-infected infants in the Post Exposure Prophylaxis of Infants trial whose mothers initiated HAART postpartum (with a regimen of nevirapine [NVP], stavudine, and lamivudine). Infants in the trial received single-dose NVP and a week of zidovudine (ZDV) at birth; some infants also received extended daily NVP prophylaxis, with or without extended ZDV prophylaxis.Methods.We analyzed drug resistance in plasma samples collected from all HIV-infected infants whose mothers started HAART in the first postpartum year. Resistance testing was performed using the first plasma sample collected within 6 months after maternal HAART initiation. Categorical variables were compared by exact or trend tests; continuous variables were compared using rank-sum tests.Results.Multiclass resistance (MCR) was detected in HIV from 11 (29.7%) of 37 infants. Infants were more likely to develop MCR infection if their mothers initiated HAART earlier in the postpartum period (by 14 weeks vs after 14 weeks and up to 6 months vs after 6 months, P =. 0009), or if the mother was exclusively breastfeeding at the time of HAART initiation (exclusive breastfeeding vs mixed feeding vs no breastfeeding, P =. 003).Conclusions.postpartum maternal HAART initiation was associated with acquisition of MCR in HIV-infected breastfeeding infants. The risk was higher among infants whose mothers initiated HAART closer to the time of delivery or were still exclusively breastfeeding when they first reported HAART use. © 2011 The Author.
Authors & Co-Authors
Fogel, Jessica M.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Li, Qing
United States, Bethesda
National Human Genome Research Institute Nhgri
Taha, Taha E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Hoover, Donald R.
United States, New Brunswick
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research
Kumwenda, Newton I.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Mofenson, Lynne M.
United States, Bethesda
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nichd
Kumwenda, Johnstone J.
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Fowler, Mary Glenn
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Thigpen, Michael C.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Eshleman, Susan H.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Statistics
Citations: 54
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/cid/cir008
ISSN:
10584838
e-ISSN:
15376591
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Participants Gender
Female