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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom
PLoS ONE, Volume 5, No. 2, Article e9311, Year 2010
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Description
Background: The global spread of HIV-1 has been accompanied by the emergence of genetically distinct viral strains. Over the past two decades subtype C viruses, which predominate in Southern and Eastern Africa, have spread rapidly throughout parts of South America. Phylogenetic studies indicate that subtype C viruses were introduced to South America through a single founder event that occurred in Southern Brazil. However, the external route via which subtype C viruses spread to the South American continent has remained unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used automated genotyping to screen 8,309 HIV-1 subtype C pol gene sequences sampled within the UK for isolates genetically linked to the subtype C epidemic in South America. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to explore the phylogenetic relationships between 54 sequences identified in this screen, and a set of globally sampled subtype C reference sequences. Phylogenetic trees disclosed a robustly supported relationship between sequences from Brazil, the UK and East Africa. A monophyletic cluster comprised exclusively of sequences from the UK and Brazil was identified and dated to approximately the early 1980s using a Bayesian coalescentbased method. A sub-cluster of 27 sequences isolated from homosexual men of UK origin was also identified and dated to the early 1990s. Conclusions: Phylogenetic, demographic and temporal data support the conclusion that the UK was a crucial staging post in the spread of subtype C from East Africa to South America. This unexpected finding demonstrates the role of diffuse international networks in the global spread of HIV-1 infection, and the utility of globally sampled viral sequence data in revealing these networks. Additionally, we show that subtype C viruses are spreading within the UK amongst men who have sex with men. © 2010 de Oliveira et al.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2824804/bin/pone.0009311.s001.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2824804/bin/pone.0009311.s002.pdf
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2824804/bin/pone.0009311.s003.pdf
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2824804/bin/pone.0009311.s004.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
De Oliveira, Tulio
South Africa, Durban
The Nelson R. Mandela Medical School
Morris, Lynn G.
United Kingdom, London
University College London
United Kingdom, London
Public Health England
Gifford, Robert J.M.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
United States, New York
Aaron Diamond Aids Research Centre
Statistics
Citations: 53
Authors: 3
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0009311
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Study Locations
Multi-countries
Participants Gender
Male