Packing coloring of some undirected and oriented coronae graphs

The packing chromatic number Χρ(G) of a graph G is the smallest integer k such that its set of vertices V (G) can be partitioned into k disjoint subsets V1, ⋯ , Vk, in such a way that every two distinct vertices in Vi are at distance greater than i in G for every i, 1 ≤ i ≤ k. For a given integer p ≥ 1, the p-corona of a graph G is the graph obtained from G by adding p degree-one neighbors to every vertex of G. In this paper, we determine the packing chromatic number of p-coronae of paths and cycles for every p ≥ 1. Moreover, by considering digraphs and the (weak) directed distance between vertices, we get a natural extension of the notion of packing coloring to digraphs. We then determine the packing chromatic number of orientations of p-coronae of paths and cycles.