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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Testing clove oil as an anaesthetic for long-distance transport of live fish: The case of the Lake Victoria cichlid Haplochromis obliquidens
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Volume 22, No. 6, Year 2006
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Description
Clove oil can be used as an anaesthetic in the handling of marine and freshwater fish. Few studies report on its use for periods up to 48 h, for example, under long-distance transport conditions. This study tested the effect of different clove oil concentrations for 1-48 h on recovery and survival of the cichlid Haplochromis obliquidens, an ornamental fish species endemic to Lake Victoria. Haplochromis obliquidens were anaesthetized for 1 h using 5-25 μl L-1 clove oil. There was no correlation between clove oil concentration and post-anaesthesia recovery time (P = 0.15). On average, fish recovered within 9.5 ± 2 min, and no fish died within 24 h after recovery. Results from exposure of fish to 18-20 μl L-1 clove oil for up to 48 h suggested a narrow margin of safety as this concentration range induced mortality. At 18 μl L-1 recovery times ranged from 3 to 43 min between 24 and 36 h exposure, while fish exposed longer than 36 h recovered within 1-10 min, or within 1-2 min after 44-48 h. At the end of a 48-h transport experiment total ammonia levels were higher in transport water containing anaesthetized fish than for non-anaesthetized fish (1.65 ± 0.19 and 0.54 ± 0.08 mg L-1 NH4+ + NH3, respectively). The combined use of clove oil and the selective ammonium ion exchanger zeolite was considered feasible as ammonia levels could be reduced by up to 82% compared to control bags without zeolite. © 2006 The Authors Journal compilation 2006 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kaiser, Horst
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Brill, Gregg
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Cahill, J.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Collett, P.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Czypionka, K.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Green, Andy J.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Orr, Kyla K.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Pattrick, Paula
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Scheepers, R.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Stonier, T.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Whitehead, M. A.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Yearsley, R.
South Africa, Grahamstown
Rhodes University
Statistics
Citations: 43
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 1
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00786.x
ISSN:
01758659
e-ISSN:
14390426
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Approach
Quantitative