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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Negative mucosal synergy between Herpes simplex type 2 and HIV in the female genital tract
AIDS, Volume 21, No. 5, Year 2007
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Description
OBJECTIVE: There is substantial epidemiological evidence that infection by Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) enhances both HIV susceptibility and subsequent sexual transmission. Both infections are extremely common in female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa, and up to 80% of new HIV infections in urban men in the region are acquired via transactional sex. The present study aimed to elucidate the mucosal immune interactions between HIV and HSV2 in the genital tract. METHODS: Endocervical immune cell populations, cytokine/chemokine protein levels in cervico-vaginal secretions and cervical immune gene expression profiles were measured in a well-defined cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected Kenyan FSWs. Associations between the genital immune milieu and infection by and/or shedding of common genital co-pathogens were examined. RESULTS: HIV-infected FSWs were much more likely to be infected by HSV2, and to shed HSV2 DNA in the genital tract. There was also a profound negative 'mucosal synergy' between these viruses. In HIV uninfected FSWs, HSV2 infection was associated with a ten-fold increase in cervical immature dendritic cells (iDC) expressing DC-SIGN, and a three-fold increase in cervical CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5. HIV infection was associated with iDC depletion in the cervix, and with increased HSV2 genital reactivation, which in turn was associated with HIV shedding levels. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a mucosal vicious circle in which HSV2 infection increases HIV target cells in the genital mucosa, subsequent HIV infection impairs HSV2 mucosal immune control, and local HSV2 reactivation enhances both HSV2 and HIV transmission. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Rebbapragada, Anuradha
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Wachihi, Charles
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Pettengell, Christopher
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Sunderji, Sherzana
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Huibner, Sanja
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Jaoko, Walter G.
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Ball, Terry Blake
Canada, Winnipeg
University of Manitoba
Fowke, Keith Raymond
Canada, Winnipeg
University of Manitoba
Mazzulli, Tony
Canada, Toronto
Mount Sinai Hospital of University of Toronto
Plummer, Francis Allan
Canada, Winnipeg
University of Manitoba
Kaul, Rupert
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Canada, Toronto
University Health Network University of Toronto
Statistics
Citations: 198
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328012b896
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Participants Gender
Male
Female