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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
The impact of pregnancy and menopause on CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected women
AIDS, Volume 16, No. 6, Year 2002
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Description
Objectives: To determine indirectly the effect of changes in levels of reproductive hormones on CD4 lymphocyte counts by investigating the impact of pregnancy and menopause on CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected women. Methods: Participants were 382 women with a known interval of HIV seroconversion. Review of questionnaires or patient charts provided information on pregnancy and menopause. A linear regression model with a random intercept and slope, which adjusts for multiple CD4 lymphocyte counts per woman, was applied to estimate the CD4 decline following HIV seroconversion and to evaluate the effect of pregnancy and menopause on the CD4 path. Results: The 382 women had a median age of 25 years at seroconversion and yielded 1428 CD4 lymphocyte counts from 3 to 10 years after seroconversion. At 3 years from seroconversion, 20 women had passed the menopause (i.e., the last menses) and five more subsequently passed this point during follow-up; 25 women had a pregnancy after study entry. Postmenopausal women had lower CD4 lymphocyte counts 3 years after seroconversion than premenopausal women (333 vs 399 × 106 cells/l; P = 0.09), and pregnant women had lower counts than non-pregnant women (375 vs 399 × 106 cells/l; P = 0.36). The monthly CD4 decline was not associated with pregnancy and menopause. Adjustment for age did not change the results. Conclusions: The results suggest that CD4 lymphocyte counts differ between pre- and postmenopausal women, perhaps because of changes in the level of reproductive hormones in the menopause, but associations were not statistically significant. Pregnancy had no statistically significant effect on CD4 lymphocyte counts. © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Authors & Co-Authors
van Benthem, Birgit H.B.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Vernazza, Pietro Luigi
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Coutinho, Roel A.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Prins, Maria
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Battegay, Manuel
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Bernasconi, Enos
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Bürgisser, Ph
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Egger, Matthias
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Erb, Peter
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Francioli, Patrick B.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Furrer, Hansjakob
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Grob, Peter J.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Hirschel, B. J.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Ledergerber, Bruno
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Opravil, Milos
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Paccaud, Fred Michel
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Pantaleo, Giuseppe P.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Perrin, Luc Henri
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Pichler, Werner J.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Piffaretti, Jean Claude L.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Rickenbach, Martin
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Schüpbach, Jörg Rg
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Telenti, Amalio
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Weber, Rainer
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Statistics
Citations: 36
Authors: 24
Affiliations: 1
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/00002030-200204120-00012
ISSN:
02699370
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Participants Gender
Female