Density, distribution, population structure and social organization of the black rhinoceros in Masai Mara Game Reserve

Black rhinoceros were studied in the Masai Mara Game Reserve from May 1971 to August 1972. Data were gathered on their density, distribution, population structure, social organization, feeding habits and daily activities. The study area, its vegetation, and the study methods are described briefly. Rhino occupied thirteen separate distribution areas, their distribution being influenced by food availability, water, cover and the presence of human and domestic animals. The number of rhino in each distribution area were within the range of one to thirty‐one (densities 0–04 to 0–24/km2), giving a mean density in the rhino‐occupied area (749 km2) of 0–14/km2 and in the whole study area (1530 km2) of 0–07/km2. Of the 108 rhino in the population, 73% were adult and 27% were immature. At least one adult and one immature were found in nearly all distribution areas. Adult rhinos formed one age class while the immatures were divided into three age classes. Sex ratio and mortality were investigated. Social units and their home range sizes in relation to density and distribution are discussed. Some aspects of social organization, feeding habits and daily activities will be discussed in a later paper. In conclusion, recommendations for rhino management based on preservation of habitat, particularly cover, more sources of water and human settlement are discussed. Suggestions for further lines of research are also discussed. Copyright © 1973, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved