Factors associated with visual outcomes after cataract surgery: A cross-sectional or retrospective study in Liberia

Objective To report the initial outcomes and associated risk factors for poor outcome of cataract surgery performed in Liberia Methods and analysis LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI), Hyderabad, started providing eye care in Liberia since July 2017. Electronic Medical Records of 573 patients operated for age-related cataract from July 2017 to January 2019 were reviewed. One eye per patient was included for analysis. All patients underwent either phacoemulsification or manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Pre and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded at one day, 1-3 weeks and 4-11 weeks. Main outcome measure was BCVA at 4-11 weeks; Intraoperative complications and preoperative ocular comorbidities (POC) were noted. BCVA less than 6/12 was classified as visual impairment (VI). Risk factor for VI was analysed using the logistic regression model. Results Of the 573 patients, 288 were males and 285 were females (49.7%). Mean age was 65.9 ±10.9 years; 14.3% had POC. The surgical technique was mainly MSICS (94.59%, n = 542). At 4-11 weeks, good outcome of 6/12 or better was noted in 38.55% (UCVA) and 82.54% (BCVA). Visual acuity (VA) of 6/18 or better as UCVA and BCVA was noted in 63.5% and 88% eyes respectively. Poor outcome of less than 6/60 was noted as UCVA (11.11%) and BCVA (5.22%). Multivariable analysis showed poor visual outcomes significantly higher in patients with POC (odds ratio 3.28; 95% CI: 1.70, 6.34). Conclusion The cataract surgical outcomes in Liberia were good; with ocular comorbidities as the only risk factor.