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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz
Nature, Volume 460, No. 7254, Year 2009
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Description
African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant CD4+ T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female, who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS. These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is associated with progressive CD4+ T-cell loss, lymphatic tissue destruction and premature death. These findings challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild. ©2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Keele, Brandon F.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
United States, Frederick
Saic-frederick
Jones, James Holland
United States, Palo Alto
Stanford University
Terio, Karen A.
United States, Urbana
University of Illinois Urbana-champaign
Estes, Jacob D.
United States, Frederick
Saic-frederick
Rudicell, Rebecca S.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Wilson, Michael L.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Li, Yingying
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Learn, Gerald H.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Beasley, Timothy Mark
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Schumacher-Stankey, Joann C.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Wroblewski, Emily E.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Mosser, Anna A.
United States, Washington, D.c.
The Jane Goodall Institute
Raphael, Jane
United States, Washington, D.c.
The Jane Goodall Institute
Kamenya, Shadrack
United States, Washington, D.c.
The Jane Goodall Institute
Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V.
United States, Chicago
Lincoln Park Zoo
Travis, Dominic A.
United States, Chicago
Lincoln Park Zoo
Mlengeya, Titus D.K.
Tanzania, Arusha
Tanzania National Parks
Kinsel, Michael J.
United States, Urbana
University of Illinois Urbana-champaign
Else, James G.
United States, Atlanta
Emory University
Silvestri, Guido Do
United States, Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Goodall, Jane M.
United States, Washington, D.c.
The Jane Goodall Institute
Sharp, Paul M.
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Shaw, George M.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Pusey, Anne E.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Hahn, Beatrice H.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Statistics
Citations: 361
Authors: 25
Affiliations: 11
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1038/nature08200
ISSN:
00280836
e-ISSN:
14764687
Research Areas
Environmental
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Locations
Tanzania
Participants Gender
Female