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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Seed flavonoids and anthocyanins as markers of enhanced plant defence in nodulated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)
Field Crops Research, Volume 118, No. 1, Year 2010
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Description
Insect pests are a major constraint to cowpea production in Africa. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify cowpea material that exhibit greater pest resistance and grain yield for evaluation by farmers. About 45 cowpea genotypes were assayed for flavonoids and anthocyanins with the objective of quantifying the levels of these phenolics in seed extracts as markers for effective plant defence. The results revealed significant differences in the concentration of flavonoids and anthocyanins in seed extract. Farmer varieties such as Sanzie, Bensogla and Omondaw exhibited much higher levels of phenolics compared with improved genotypes like ITH98-46, TVu1509 and IT93K-452-1. When planted in the field in Ghana and Tanzania, the genotypes that had high concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins in seed extracts (e.g. Bensogla, Omondaw and IT86D-2075) showed relatively lower infestation by thrips, pod-sucking bugs, aphids and alcidodes. Providing minimum protection with insecticide spray further showed that, genotypes with low infestation by thrips and pod-sucking bugs produced more grain yield without spraying, an indication of their natural resistance to these insect pests. Furthermore, farmer-selected varieties such as Sanzie, Bensogla, and Omondaw produced more grain yield without protection than their improved counterparts. These results showed that the higher the concentration of flavonoids and anthocyanins in cowpea seed extracts, the lower the insect pest incidence on seedlings raised from those seeds. Correlation analysis further confirmed a direct relationship between high flavonoids/anthocyanins in seed extracts and enhanced insect pest. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Authors & Co-Authors
Makoi, Joachim H.J.R.
South Africa, Bellville
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Belane, Alphonsus K.
South Africa, Pretoria
Tshwane University of Technology
Chimphango, Samson B.M.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Dakora, Felix Dapare
South Africa, Pretoria
Tshwane University of Technology
Statistics
Citations: 52
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.fcr.2010.03.012
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Ghana
Tanzania