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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Americas: Occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis
Parasites and Vectors, Volume 3, No. 1, Article 72, Year 2010
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Description
Background: An increasing knowledge of the global risk of malaria shows that the nations of the Americas have the lowest levels of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax endemicity worldwide, sustained, in part, by substantive integrated vector control. To help maintain and better target these efforts, knowledge of the contemporary distribution of each of the dominant vector species (DVS) of human malaria is needed, alongside a comprehensive understanding of the ecology and behaviour of each species. Results: A database of contemporary occurrence data for 41 of the DVS of human malaria was compiled from intensive searches of the formal and informal literature. The results for the nine DVS of the Americas are described in detail here. Nearly 6000 occurrence records were gathered from 25 countries in the region and were complemented by a synthesis of published expert opinion range maps, refined further by a technical advisory group of medical entomologists. A suite of environmental and climate variables of suspected relevance to anopheline ecology were also compiled from open access sources. These three sets of data were then combined to produce predictive species range maps using the Boosted Regression Tree method. The predicted geographic extent for each of the following species (or species complex*) are provided: Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus Wiedemann, 1820, An. (Nys.) albitarsis*, An. (Nys.) aquasalis Curry, 1932, An. (Nys.) darlingi Root, 1926, An. (Anopheles) freeborni Aitken, 1939, An. (Nys.) marajoara Galvão & Damasceno, 1942, An. (Nys.) nuneztovari*, An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis* and An. (Ano.) quadrimaculatus Say, 1824. A bionomics review summarising ecology and behaviour relevant to the control of each of these species was also compiled. Conclusions: The distribution maps and bionomics review should both be considered as a starting point in an ongoing process of (i) describing the distributions of these DVS (since the opportunistic sample of occurrence data assembled can be substantially improved) and (ii) documenting their contemporary bionomics (since intervention and control pressures can act to modify behavioural traits). This is the first in a series of three articles describing the distribution of the 41 global DVS worldwide. The remaining two publications will describe those vectors found in (i) Africa, Europe and the Middle East and (ii) in Asia. All geographic distribution maps are being made available in the public domain according to the open access principles of the Malaria Atlas Project. © 2010 Sinka et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2936890/bin/1756-3305-3-72-S1.ZIP
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2936890/bin/1756-3305-3-72-S2.PDF
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2936890/bin/1756-3305-3-72-S3.DOC
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2936890/bin/1756-3305-3-72-S4.DOC
Authors & Co-Authors
Sinka, Marianne E.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Rubio-Palis, Yasmin
Venezuela, Valencia
Universidad de Carabobo
Venezuela, Caracas
Ministerio Del Poder Popular Para la Salud
Manguin, Sylvie
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Patil, Anand Prabhakar
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Temperley, William H.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Gething, Peter W.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
van Boeckel, Thomas P.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Belgium, Brussels
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Kabaria, Caroline W.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Harbach, Ralph E.
United Kingdom, London
The Natural History Museum, London
Hay, Simon I.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Statistics
Citations: 334
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1756-3305-3-72
e-ISSN:
17563305
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial