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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
arts and humanities
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), environmental enteropathy, nutrition, and early child development: Making the links
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1308, No. 1, Year 2014
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Description
There is scarce research and programmatic evidence on the effect of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions of the physical environment on early child cognitive, sensorimotor, and socioemotional development. Furthermore, many common WASH interventions are not specifically designed to protect babies in the first 3 years of life, when gut health and linear growth are established. We review evidence linking WASH, anemia, and child growth, and highlight pathways through which WASH may affect early child development, primarily through inflammation, stunting, and anemia. Environmental enteropathy, a prevalent subclinical condition of the gut, may be a key mediating pathway linking poor hygiene to developmental deficits. Current early child development research and programs lack evidence-based interventions to provide a clean play and infant feeding environment in addition to established priorities of nutrition, stimulation, and child protection. Solutions to this problem will require appropriate behavior change and technologies that are adapted to the social and physical context and conducive to infant play and socialization. We propose the concept of baby WASH as an additional component of early childhood development programs. © 2014 New York Academy of Sciences.
Authors & Co-Authors
Ngure, Francis Muigai
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Humphrey, Jean H.
Zimbabwe, Harare
Zvitambo
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Mbuya, Mduduzi N.N.
Zimbabwe, Harare
Zvitambo
Pelto, Gretel H.
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Stoltzfus, Rebecca Joyce
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Statistics
Citations: 302
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/nyas.12330
ISSN:
00778923
Research Areas
Environmental
Food Security
Maternal And Child Health