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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Characterization of α-cypermethrin exposure in Egyptian agricultural workers
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Volume 217, No. 4-5, Year 2014
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Description
Pyrethroids are neurotoxic insecticides that exert their effects by prolonging the open time of sodium channels, which increases the duration of neuronal excitation. α-cypermethrin (αCM) is derived from the 8-stereoisomers that together make up the pyrethroid cypermethrin, which is one of the most common pyrethroids being used in agriculture throughout the world. The objective of this study was to characterize the occupational exposure to αCM in a cohort of Egyptian agriculture workers (n= 37) before, during and after 6-10 consecutive days of application of αCM to cotton fields. Daily spot urine specimens were collected and analyzed by GC-MS NCI for the αCM metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and cis-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA). Prior to αCM application, median urinary levels of 3-PBA (4.59. nmol/g creatinine) were greater than cis-DCCA (0.33. nmole/g creatinine) demonstrating low background exposures to pyrethroids. During the application period for αCM, median urinary levels of both biomarkers increased (13.44. nmol 3-PBA/g creatinine and 7.76. nmol cis-DCCA/g creatinine) and ranged from 2.3-93.96. nmol 3-PBA/g creatinine and 0.09-90.94. nmol cis-DCCA/g creatinine, demonstrating that workers had a wide range of exposures to αCM. The data also demonstrate that pesticide applicators had greater exposures to αCM than workers who play a supporting role in the seasonal application of pesticides on the cotton crop. Urinary cis-DCCA and 3-PBA concentrations were elevated at 7-11 days after the cessation of αCM application, compared to baseline levels. This study is the first to use these biomarkers to quantify occupational exposures specifically to αCM. This urinary biomarker data will be useful for estimating daily internal dose, comparing exposures across job categories within the Egyptian pesticide application teams, and for modeling human exposures to αCM. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.
Authors & Co-Authors
Singleton, Steven T.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Lein, Pamela
United States, Davis
School of Veterinary Medicine
Farahat, Fayssal Mostafa
Egypt, Shibin el Kom
Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine
Farahat, Taghreed Mohamed
Egypt, Shibin el Kom
Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine
Bonner, Matthew R.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Knaak, James B.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Olson, James R.
United States, Buffalo
University at Buffalo, the State University of new York
Statistics
Citations: 35
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.003
ISSN:
14384639
e-ISSN:
1618131X
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Design
Cohort Study