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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 6, No. 9, Article e1813, Year 2012
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Description
Background: In northern Ethiopia the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis is steadily rising posing an increasing public health concern. In order to develop effective control strategies on the transmission of the disease it is important to generate knowledge on the epidemiological determinants of the infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on children 4-15 years of age using a multi staged stratified cluster sampling on high incidence sub-districts of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. The survey included a socio-demographic, health and dietary questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. We performed rK39-ICT and DAT serological tests in order to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies and carried out Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) using L.major antigen. Logistic regression models were used. Of the 565 children surveyed 56 children were positive to infection (9.9%). The individual variables that showed a positive association with infection were increasing age, being male and sleeping outside [adjusted odds ratios (95% CI): 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), 2.56 (1.19, 5.48) and 2.21 (1.03, 4.71) respectively] and in relation to the household: past history of VL in the family, living in a straw roofed house and if the family owned sheep [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.92 (1.25, 6.81), 2.71 (1.21, 6.07) and 4.16 (1.41, 12.31) respectively]. Conclusions/Significance: A behavioural pattern like sleeping outside is determinant in the transmission of the infection in this area. Protective measures should be implemented against this identified risk activity. Results also suggest a geographical clustering and a household focalization of the infection. The behaviour of the vector in the area needs to be clarified in order to establish the role of domestic animals and house materials in the transmission of the infection. © 2012 Custodio et al.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3459849/bin/pntd.0001813.s001.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3459849/bin/pntd.0001813.s002.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3459849/bin/pntd.0001813.s003.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
Custodio, Estefanía
Spain, Madrid
Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical
Gadisa, Endalamaw
Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Armauer Hansen Research Institute
Sordo, Luis
Spain, Madrid
Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia
Spain, Madrid
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Cruz, Israel
Spain, Majadahonda
Centro Nacional de Microbiologia
Moreno, Javier
Spain, Majadahonda
Centro Nacional de Microbiologia
Nieto, J.
Spain, Majadahonda
Centro Nacional de Microbiologia
Chicharro, Carmen
Spain, Majadahonda
Centro Nacional de Microbiologia
Aseffa, Abraham
Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Armauer Hansen Research Institute
Abraham, Zelalem
Ethiopia
Amhara Regional State Laboratory
Hailu, Tsegaye
Ethiopia, Addis Ababa
Armauer Hansen Research Institute
Cañavate, Carmen
Spain, Majadahonda
Centro Nacional de Microbiologia
Statistics
Citations: 41
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001813
ISSN:
19352727
e-ISSN:
19352735
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Ethiopia
Participants Gender
Male