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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
BMC Medicine, Volume 9, Article 90, Year 2011
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Description
Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low- to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.Methods: Major depressive episodes (MDE) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DMS-IV) were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Data from 18 countries were analyzed in this report (n = 89,037). All countries surveyed representative, population-based samples of adults.Results: The average lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-IV MDE were 14.6% and 5.5% in the ten high-income and 11.1% and 5.9% in the eight low- to middle-income countries. The average age of onset ascertained retrospectively was 25.7 in the high-income and 24.0 in low- to middle-income countries. Functional impairment was associated with recency of MDE. The female: male ratio was about 2:1. In high-income countries, younger age was associated with higher 12-month prevalence; by contrast, in several low- to middle-income countries, older age was associated with greater likelihood of MDE. The strongest demographic correlate in high-income countries was being separated from a partner, and in low- to middle-income countries, was being divorced or widowed.Conclusions: MDE is a significant public-health concern across all regions of the world and is strongly linked to social conditions. Future research is needed to investigate the combination of demographic risk factors that are most strongly associated with MDE in the specific countries included in the WMH. © 2011 Bromet et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Bromet, Evelyn J.
United States, Stony Brook
Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
Andrade, Laura Helena Silveira Guerra
Brazil, Sao Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo
Hwang, Irving H.
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
Sampson, Nancy A.
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
Alonso Caballero, J. L.
Spain, Barcelona
Hospital Del Mar
de Girolamo, Giovanni
Italy, Brescia
Irccs Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli
de Graaf, Ron
Netherlands, Utrecht
Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction
Demyttenaere, Koen
Belgium, Leuven
Ku Leuven– University Hospital Leuven
Hu, Chiyi
China, Shenzhen
Szu-shenzhen Kangning Hospital
Iwata, Noboru
Japan, Hiroshima
Hiroshima International University
Karam, Aimée Nasser
Lebanon, Beirut
Saint George Hospital University Medical Center
Kaur, Jagdish
India, New Delhi
Directorate General of Health Services
Kostyuchenko, Stanislav
Ukraine, Kiev
Ukrainian Psychiatric Association
Lépine, Jean Pierre
France, Paris
Hôpital Lariboisiere Ap-hp
Levinson, Daphna
Israel, Jerusalem
Mental Health Services Ministry of Health
Matschinger, Herbert
Germany, Leipzig
Universität Leipzig
Medina-Mora, M. E.
Mexico, Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente
Oakley-Browne, Mark A.
Australia, Hobart
University of Tasmania
Posada-Villa, J. A.
Colombia, Bogota
Instituto Colombiano Del Sistema Nervioso
Viana, Maria Carmen
Brazil, Sao Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo
Williams, David R.
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Kessler, Ronald C.
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
Statistics
Citations: 1,790
Authors: 22
Affiliations: 19
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1741-7015-9-90
e-ISSN:
17417015
Research Areas
Disability
Mental Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Participants Gender
Male
Female