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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Health and development outcomes in 6.5-y-old children breastfed exclusively for 3 or 6 mo
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 90, No. 4, Year 2009
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Description
Background: Despite the current World Health Organization recommendation that infants be exclusively breastfed for 6 mo, this practice remains unusual in both developed and developing countries. Objective: The objective was to compare health and development outcomes at age 6.5 y in children who were exclusively breastfed for 3 mo (EBF3) or for 6 mo (EBF6); in the EBF3 group, the children continued partial breastfeeding for ≥6 mo. Design: This was a prospective cohort study nested within a large, cluster-randomized trial of a breastfeeding promotion intervention in the Republic of Belarus. Outcomes compared at 6.5 y included anthropometric measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, intelligence quotient, teachers' ratings of academic performance, parent- and teacher-rated behavior, atopic symptoms, allergen skin-prick tests, and dental caries. All statistical analyses were adjusted for cluster- and individual-level covariates and for clustering of outcomes within the clinics at which the children were examined. Results: The 2427 EBF3 and 524 EBF6 children who were followed up represented 84.7% and 89.4%, respectively, of those followed for the first year of life. The only significant differences observed between the 2 groups were in mean body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, and hip circumference, all of which were higher in the EBF6 group. Conclusions: We observed no demonstrable beneficial or adverse long-term effects on child health of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 mo. Higher adiposity measures in the EBF6 group probably reflect reverse causality rather than a causal effect of prolonged exclusive breastfeeding. Established benefits appear to be limited to the period of exclusive breastfeeding. © 2009 American Society for Nutrition.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kramer, Michael S.
Canada, Montreal
Mcgill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Canada, Montreal
Centre Universitaire de Santé Mcgill, Hôpital de Montreal Pour Enfants
Aboud, Frances E.
Canada, Montreal
Mcgill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Mazer, Bruce D.
Canada, Montreal
Mcgill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Fombonne, Eric J.
Canada, Montreal
Mcgill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Hodnett, Ellen D.
Canada, Toronto
University of Toronto
Chalmers, Beverley Elizabeth
Canada, Ottawa
University of Ottawa
Platt, Robert W.
Canada, Montreal
Mcgill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Statistics
Citations: 74
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.3945/ajcn.2009.28021
ISSN:
00029165
Research Areas
Food Security
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Noncommunicable Diseases
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Quantitative