Mechanical properties of metals for biomedical applications using powder metallurgy process: A review

The uses of biomaterials have been revolutionizing the biomedical field in deployment as implants for humans. During the past five decades, many implant materials made of metals have been put into practical use. Powder metallurgy techniques have been used to produce controlled porous structures, such as porous coatings applied for dental and orthopedic surgical implants, which allow bony tissue ingrowth within the implant surface, thereby improving fixation. This paper examines various important metals using powder metallurgy technology to produce elements of a total hip replacement. These alloys are 316L stainless steel alloy, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Also, this paper examines current information on the mechanical properties. Mechanical properties are discussed as a function of type of materials and process of fabrication. This article addresses the engineering aspects concerning the advantages and disadvantages of each type of material.