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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Neuropsychological outcomes in adults commencing highly active anti-retroviral treatment in South Africa: A prospective study
BMC Infectious Diseases, Volume 12, Article 39, Year 2012
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Description
Background: Infection with HIV may result in significant neuropsychological impairment, especially in late stage disease. To date, there have been no cohort studies of the impact of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) in South Africa where clade C HIV is predominant.Methods: Participants in the current study were recruited from a larger study of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and included a group of individuals commencing HAART (n = 82). Baseline and one-year neuropsychological function was assessed using a detailed battery, and summary global deficit scores (GDS) obtained. Associations with change in GDS were calculated.Results: Participants had a median CD4 cell count of 166 at baseline and 350 at follow-up. There were significant difference across groups of GDS severity at baseline with respect to level of education and GDS change at one year (p = 0.00 and 0.00 respectively). Participants with severe impairment at baseline improved significantly more than those with lesser degrees of impairment. Significant improvements were observed in the domains of attention, verbal fluency, motor function, and executive functions. There were unadjusted associations between GDS change and male gender, lower levels of education, baseline CD4 count and baseline GDS severity. In an adjusted model, only baseline GDS severity (p = 0.00) remained significant, with a lower level of education nearing significance (p = 0.05). The overall model was highly significant (p = 00; r-squared = 0.58).Discussion: In individuals in late stage HIV commencing HAART in South Africa, those with severe baseline neuropsychological impairment improved significantly more than those less impaired. While improvement across a number of neuropsychological domains was observed, high rates of impairment persisted.Conclusions: The effects of HAART and participant variables, such as test experience, require clarification. Studies with larger comparison groups, and where HIV disease characteristics are needed to establish whether the trends we identified are clinically meaningful. © 2012 Joska et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Joska, John A.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
South Africa, Observatory
Groote Schuur Hospital
Westgarth-Taylor, Jennifer
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Hoare, Jacqueline
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Thomas, Kevin G.F. Garth Flusk
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Paul, Robert H.
United States, St. Louis
University of Missouri-st. Louis
Myer, Landon
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Stein, Dan J.
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Statistics
Citations: 52
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2334-12-39
e-ISSN:
14712334
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Mental Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Locations
South Africa
Participants Gender
Male