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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Causes of death in hospitalized adults with a premortem diagnosis of tuberculosis: An autopsy study
AIDS, Volume 21, No. 15, Year 2007
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Description
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the immediate and underlying causes of death in adults who died in hospital with a premortem diagnosis of tuberculosis. DESIGN: Causes of death were assessed independently by internists and pathologists in 50 adults admitted to two Soweto hospitals who died 24 h or more after admission. Detailed record reviews and complete autopsies including HIV tests when not performed premortem were performed. In addition, a variety of postmortem microbiological tests were performed. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients had HIV infection; all were antiretroviral naive. Their median age was 34.5 years, median CD4 cell count was 48 cells/μl and median length of hospitalization before death was 6 days. Autopsy confirmed the premortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in 37 HIV-infected patients (79%), whereas 10 (21%) did not demonstrate tuberculosis. Bronchopneumonia and cytomegalovirus pneumonitis were the leading pathologies in these 10 patients. In 47 HIV-infected cadavers immediate or contributory causes of death were: extensive pulmonary tuberculosis, 32 (68%); disseminated tuberculosis, 28 (60%); bacterial pneumonia, 13 (26%); cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in seven (15%); cytomegalovirus DNA was found in 31 (66%) and Pneumocystis pneumonia was found in five cadavers (11%). The lung, followed by lymph nodes, liver and kidney, were the commonest sites of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from 19 spleens, one of which was multidrug resistant, and Salmonella spp. was cultured from 11 splenic specimens. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated disseminated, extensive tuberculosis associated with advanced HIV disease. Severe bacterial infections, including salmonellosis, were the leading co-morbidity, suggesting that hospitalized HIV-infected adults in whom tuberculosis is suspected may benefit from broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Martinson, Neil Alexander
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
South Africa, Johannesburg
Perinatal Hiv Research Unit
Karstaedt, Alan S.
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Venter, Willem Daniel François
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Omar, Tanvier
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
King, Peter
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Mbengo, Tumi
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Marais, Elsé
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
McIntyre, James Alasdair
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Chaisson, Richard E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Hale, Martin John
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Statistics
Citations: 119
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282eea47f
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases