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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
An evaluation of emerging vaccines for childhood pneumococcal pneumonia
BMC Public Health, Volume 11, No. SUPPL. 3, Article S26, Year 2011
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Description
Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or pneumococcus is estimated to cause 821,000 child deaths each year. It has over 90 serotypes, of which 7 to 13 serotypes are included in current formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that are efficacious in young children. To further reduce the burden from SP pneumonia, a vaccine is required that could protect children from a greater diversity of serotypes. Two different types of vaccines against pneumococcal pneumonia are currently at varying stages of development: a multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covering additional SP serotypes; and a conserved common pneumococcal protein antigen (PPA) vaccine offering protection for all serotypes. Methods. We used a modified CHNRI methodology for setting priorities in health research investments. This was done in two stages. In Stage I, we systematically reviewed the literature related to emerging SP vaccines relevant to several criteria of interest: answerability; efficacy and effectiveness; cost of development, production and implementation; deliverability, affordability and sustainability; maximum potential for disease burden reduction; acceptability to the end users and health workers; and effect on equity. In Stage II, we conducted an expert opinion exercise by inviting 20 experts (leading basic scientists, international public health researchers, international policy makers and representatives of pharmaceutical companies). The policy makers and industry representatives accepted our invitation on the condition of anonymity, due to sensitive nature of their involvement in such exercises. They answered questions from CHNRI framework and their collective optimism towards each criterion was documented on a scale from 0 to 100%. Results: The experts expressed very high level of optimism (over 80%) that low-cost polysaccharide conjugate SP vaccines would satisfy each of the 9 relevant CHNRI criteria. The median potential effectiveness of conjugate SP vaccines in reduction of overall childhood pneumonia mortality was predicted to be about 25% (interquartile range 20-38%, min. 15%, max 45%). For low cost, cross-protective common protein vaccines for SP the experts expressed concerns over answerability (72%) and the level of development costs (50%), while the scores for all other criteria were over 80%. The median potential effectiveness of common protein vaccines in reduction of overall childhood pneumonia mortality was predicted to be about 30% (interquartile range 26-40%, min. 20%, max 45%). Conclusions: Improved SP vaccines are a very promising investment that could substantially contribute to reduction of child mortality world-wide. © 2011 Webster et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3231900/bin/1471-2458-11-S3-S26-S1.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3231900/bin/1471-2458-11-S3-S26-S2.doc
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3231900/bin/1471-2458-11-S3-S26-S3.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
Webster, Julia
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Theodoratou, Evropi
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Nair, Harish
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
India, New Delhi
Public Health Foundation of India
Seong, Ang Choon
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Zgaga, Lina
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Huda, Tanvir M.
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Johnson, Hope L.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Madhi, Shabir A.
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Rubens, Craig
United States, Seattle
Center for Childhood Infections and Prematurity Research
Zhang, Jian Shayne F.
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Arifeen, Shams E.
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Krause, Ryoko
Switzerland, Geneve
The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
Jacobs, Troy A.
United States, Washington, D.c.
United States Agency for International Development
Brooks, W. Abdullah
Bangladesh, Dhaka
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Campbell, Harry
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Rudan, Igor
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Croatia, Split
School of Medicine, University of Split
Statistics
Citations: 35
Authors: 16
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S26
e-ISSN:
14712458
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health