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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women
Environmental Research, Volume 218, Article 115037, Year 2023
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Description
Background: Studies of the association between aircraft noise and hypertension are complicated by inadequate control for potential confounders and a lack of longitudinal assessments, and existing evidence is inconclusive. Objectives: We evaluated the association between long-term aircraft noise exposure and risk of hypertension among post-menopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials, an ongoing prospective U.S. cohort. Methods: Day-night average (DNL) and night equivalent sound levels (Lnight) were modeled for 90 U.S. airports from 1995 to 2010 in 5-year intervals using the Aviation Environmental Design Tool and linked to participant geocoded addresses from 1993 to 2010. Participants with modeled exposures ≥45 A-weighted decibels (dB [A]) were considered exposed, and those outside of 45 dB(A) who also did not live in close proximity to unmodeled airports were considered unexposed. Hypertension was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or inventoried/self-reported antihypertensive medication use. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident hypertension when exposed to DNL or Lnight ≥45 versus <45 dB(A), controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental/contextual factors. Results/discussion: There were 18,783 participants with non-missing DNL exposure and 14,443 with non-missing Lnight exposure at risk of hypertension. In adjusted models, DNL and Lnight ≥45 db(A) were associated with HRs of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93, 1.08) and 1.06 (95%CI: 0.91, 1.24), respectively. There was no evidence supporting a positive exposure-response relationship, and findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. Indications of elevated risk were seen among certain subgroups, such as those living in areas with lower population density (HRinteraction: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.72, 0.98) or nitrogen dioxide concentrations (HRinteraction: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.71, 0.95), which may indicate lower ambient/road traffic noise. Our findings do not suggest a relationship between aircraft noise and incident hypertension among older women in the U.S., though associations in lower ambient noise settings merit further investigation. © 2022 The Authors
Authors & Co-Authors
Whitsel, Eric A.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Wellenius, Gregory A.
United States, Boston
School of Public Health
United States, Providence
Brown University
Levy, Jonathan Ian
United States, Boston
School of Public Health
Stewart, James D.
United States, Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Fox, Matthew P.
United States, Boston
School of Public Health
Eliot, Melissa N.
United States, Providence
Brown University
Manson, Jo Ann E.
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
United States, Boston
Harvard T.h. Chan School of Public Health
Statistics
Citations: 5
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.envres.2022.115037
ISSN:
00139351
Research Areas
Environmental
Noncommunicable Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Participants Gender
Female