Skip to content
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Menu
Home
About Us
Resources
Profiles Metrics
Authors Directory
Institutions Directory
Top Authors
Top Institutions
Top Sponsors
AI Digest
Contact Us
Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Pneumococcal vaccination and otitis media in Australian Aboriginal infants: Comparison of two birth cohorts before and after introduction of vaccination
BMC Pediatrics, Volume 9, No. 1, Article 14, Year 2009
Notification
URL copied to clipboard!
Description
Background: Aboriginal children in remote Australia have high rates of complicated middle ear disease associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and other pathogens. We assessed the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination for prevention of otitis media in this setting. Methods: We compared two birth cohorts, one enrolled before (1996-2001), and the second enrolled after introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate and booster 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (2001-2004). Source populations were the same for both cohorts. Detailed examinations including tympanometry, video-recorded pneumatic otoscopy and collection of discharge from tympanic membrane perforations, were performed as soon as possible after birth and then at regular intervals until 24 months of life. Analyses (survival, point prevalence and incidence) were adjusted for confounding factors and repeated measures with sensitivity analyses of differential follow-up. Results: Ninety-seven vaccinees and 51 comparison participants were enrolled. By age 6 months, 96% (81/84) of vaccinees and 100% (41/41) of comparison subjects experienced otitis media with effusion (OME), and by 12 months 89% and 88% experienced acute otitis media (AOM), 34% and 35% experienced tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) and 14% and 23% experienced chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Age at the first episode of OME, AOM, TMP and CSOM was not significantly different between the two groups. Adjusted incidence of AOM (incidence rate ratio: 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-1.13]) and TMP (incidence rate ratio: 0.63 [0.36-1.11]) was not significantly reduced in vaccinees. Vaccinees experienced less recurrent TMP, 9% (8/95) versus 22% (11/51), (odds ratio: 0.33 [0.11-1.00]). Conclusion: Results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to potential bias and confounding. It appears that introduction of pneumococcal vaccination among Aboriginal infants was not associated with significant changes in prevalence or age of onset of different OM outcomes or the incidence of AOM or TMP. Vaccinees appeared to experience reduced recurrence of TMP. Ongoing high rates of complicated OM necessitate additional strategies to prevent ear disease in this population. © 2009 Mackenzie et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
MacKenzie, Grant Austin
Gambia, Banjul
Medical Research Council Laboratories Gambia
Australia, Darwin
Menzies School of Health Research
Australia, Darwin
Charles Darwin University, Institute of Advanced Studies
Australia, Adelaide
The College of Medicine and Public Health
Carapetis, Jonathan Rhys
Australia, Darwin
Menzies School of Health Research
Australia, Darwin
Charles Darwin University, Institute of Advanced Studies
Leach, Amanda Jane
Australia, Darwin
Menzies School of Health Research
Australia, Darwin
Charles Darwin University, Institute of Advanced Studies
Morris, Peter Stanley
Australia, Darwin
Menzies School of Health Research
Australia, Darwin
Charles Darwin University, Institute of Advanced Studies
Australia, Adelaide
Flinders University
Statistics
Citations: 4
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2431-9-14
e-ISSN:
14712431
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study