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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Saudi Arabian Y-chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions
BMC Genetics, Volume 10, Article 59, Year 2009
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Description
Background: Human origins and migration models proposing the Horn of Africa as a prehistoric exit route to Asia have stimulated molecular genetic studies in the region using uniparental loci. However, from a Y-chromosome perspective, Saudi Arabia, the largest country of the region, has not yet been surveyed. To address this gap, a sample of 157 Saudi males was analyzed at high resolution using 67 Y-chromosome binary markers. In addition, haplotypic diversity for its most prominent J1-M267 lineage was estimated using a set of 17 Y-specific STR loci. Results: Saudi Arabia differentiates from other Arabian Peninsula countries by a higher presence of J2-M172 lineages. It is significantly different from Yemen mainly due to a comparative reduction of sub-Saharan Africa E1-M123 and Levantine J1-M267 male lineages. Around 14% of the Saudi Arabia Y-chromosome pool is typical of African biogeographic ancestry, 17% arrived to the area from the East across Iran, while the remainder 69% could be considered of direct or indirect Levantine ascription. Interestingly, basal E-M96* (n = 2) and J-M304* (n = 3) lineages have been detected, for the first time, in the Arabian Peninsula. Coalescence time for the most prominent J1-M267 haplogroup in Saudi Arabia (11.6 ± 1.9 ky) is similar to that obtained previously for Yemen (11.3 ± 2) but significantly older that those estimated for Qatar (7.3 ± 1.8) and UAE (6.8 ± 1.5). Conclusion: The Y-chromosome genetic structure of the Arabian Peninsula seems to be mainly modulated by geography. The data confirm that this area has mainly been a recipient of gene flow from its African and Asian surrounding areas, probably mainly since the last Glacial maximum onwards. Although rare deep rooting lineages for Y-chromosome haplogroups E and J have been detected, the presence of more basal clades supportive of the southern exit route of modern humans to Eurasian, were not found. © 2009 Abu-Amero et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2759955/bin/1471-2156-10-59-S1.XLS
Authors & Co-Authors
Abu-Amero, Khaled Khader
Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
King Saud University
Hellani, Ali M.
Saudi Arabia, Al-khobar
Saad Specialist Hospital
González, A. M. María
Spain, San Cristobal de la Laguna
Universidad de la Laguna
Larruga, José María
Spain, San Cristobal de la Laguna
Universidad de la Laguna
Cabrera, Vicente Martínez
Spain, San Cristobal de la Laguna
Universidad de la Laguna
Underhill, Peter A.
United States, Stanford
Stanford University School of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 92
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1471-2156-10-59
e-ISSN:
14712156
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Participants Gender
Male