This study aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Anxiety Towards Mathematics Scale across four continents. We adopted and translated the original Spanish version of the 24-item Anxiety Towards Mathematics Scale (ATMS-24; Muñoz, Mato-Vazquez, 2007) to collect 4,338 responses from Egypt, Ghana, India, Iran, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Thailand, Ukraine, and United Arab Emirates. Also, we conducted an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on the ATMS-24 to examine whether the data fit well across cultures. Furthermore, we modified the full-length ATMS-24 to a short form (11-items: ATMS-11) using the Gradual Response Model (GRM) of Item Response Theory (IRT) and further conducted an analysis of measurement invariance. The EFA conducted indicated that the ATMS-24 fit the data well across cultures. The new ATMS-11 version has adequate configural, metric, and scalar invariance in seven countries and the overall sample. The ATMS-11 offers a valid, reliable, and parsimonious means to assess mathematics Anxiety (MA) among students from varied cultures. The factor structure and psychometric properties of ATMS-11 support its use for MA assessment in both male and female students across locations in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America
