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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Effect of maternal and neonatal vitamin A supplementation and other postnatal factors on anemia in Zimbabwean infants: A prospective, randomized study
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 84, No. 1, Year 2006
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Description
Background: Anemia is prevalent in infants in developing countries. Its etiology is multifactorial and includes vitamin A deficiency. Objective: Our primary aim was to measure the effect of maternal or neonatal vitamin A supplementation (or both) on hemoglobin and anemia in Zimbabwean infants. Our secondary aim was to identify the underlying causes of postnatal anemia. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 14 110 mothers and their infants; 2854 infants were randomly selected for the anemia substudy, of whom 1592 were successfully observed for 8-14 mo and formed the study sample. Infants were randomly assigned within 96 h of delivery to 1 of 4 treatment groups: mothers and infants received vitamin A; mothers received vitamin A and infants received placebo; mothers received placebo and infants received vitamin A; and mothers and infants received placebo. The vitamin A doses were 400 000 and 50 000 IU in the mothers and infants, respectively. Results: Vitamin A supplementation had no effect on hemoglobin or anemia (hemoglobin <105 g/L) in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Infant HIV infection independently increased anemia risk >6-fold. Additional predictors of anemia in HIV-negative and -positive infants were male sex and lower total body iron at birth. In addition, in HIV-positive infants, the risk of anemia increased with early infection, low maternal CD4+ lymphocyte count at recruitment, and frequent morbidity. Six-month plasma ferritin concentrations <12 μg/L were a risk factor in HIV-negative but not in HIV-positive infants. Maternal HIV infection alone did not cause anemia. Conclusion: Prevention of infantile anemia should include efforts to increase the birth endowment of iron and prevent HIV infection. © 2006 American Society for Nutrition.
Authors & Co-Authors
Miller, Melissa F.
United States, Rockville
National Cancer Institute Nci
Stoltzfus, Rebecca Joyce
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Iliff, Peter J.
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Malaba, Lucie C.
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Mbuya, Nkosinathi
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University
Humphrey, Jean H.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Chidawanyika, Henry
Unknown Affiliation
Mahomva, Agnes I.
Unknown Affiliation
Majo, Florence D.
Unknown Affiliation
Marinda, Edmore T.
Unknown Affiliation
Mbizvo, Michael Takura
Unknown Affiliation
Moulton, Lawrence H.
Unknown Affiliation
Mutasa, Kuda E.
Unknown Affiliation
Ndhlovu, Mary
Unknown Affiliation
Ntozini, Robert
Unknown Affiliation
Piwoz, Ellen G.
Unknown Affiliation
Propper, Lidia
Unknown Affiliation
Rambanepasi, Philipa
Unknown Affiliation
Ruff, Andrea J.
Unknown Affiliation
Tavengwa, Naume V.
Unknown Affiliation
Ward, Brian James
Unknown Affiliation
Zijenah, Lynn Sodai
Unknown Affiliation
Zunguza, Claire D.
Unknown Affiliation
Zvandasara, Parteson
Unknown Affiliation
Nathoo, Kusum Jackison
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 32
Authors: 25
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/ajcn/84.1.212
ISSN:
00029165
Research Areas
Food Security
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Participants Gender
Male