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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Stability of exploratory eye movements as a marker of schizophrenia - A WHO multi-center study
Schizophrenia Research, Volume 52, No. 3, Year 2001
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Description
The exploratory eye movements of patients with schizophrenia reportedly differ from those of patients without schizophrenia and healthy controls. In an attempt to determine whether exploratory eye movements provide valid markers for schizophrenia, the present collaborative study was conducted in six countries to analyze the stability of and variation in the following parameters of exploratory eye movements: the number of eye fixations (NEFs) and mean eye scanning length (MESL) in a retention task; the cognitive search score (CSS) that indicates how frequently the eye focused on each important area of a figure in order to recognize it in a comparison task; and the responsive search score (RSS), which reflects the frequency of eye fixations on each section of a figure in response to questioning in a comparison task. In addition, we investigated the validity of the currently employed discriminant function to extract a common feature of schizophrenia by applying it to the findings of the present study. The exploratory eye movements of 145 patients with schizophrenia, 116 depressed patients and 124 healthy controls at seven WHO collaborative centers in six countries were measured using eye mark recorders during viewing of stationary S-shaped figures in two sequential tasks. The RSSs of patients with schizophrenia were found to be significantly lower than those of depressed patients or healthy controls irrespective of geographical location, with no significant difference existing between the RSSs for depressed patients and those for healthy controls. By inserting the RSS and NEF data for each subject into the formula used to calculate discriminant function, patients with schizophrenia could be discriminated from depressed patients and healthy controls with a sensitivity of 89.0% and a specificity of 86.7%. The RSS is an exploratory eye movement parameter that detected schizophrenia irrespective of culture, race and various other subject variables. Furthermore, it is indicative of the stable, significant difference that exists between subjects with and without schizophrenia. The results of discriminant analysis confirm the previously reported validity of discriminant function. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kojima, T.
Japan, Tokyo
Nihon University School of Medicine
Matsushima, E.
Japan, Tokyo
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Ohta, K.
Japan, Tokyo
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Toru, M.
Japan, Tokyo
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Han, Yong Hua
China, Beijing
Peking University Health Science Center
Shen, Yu Cun
China, Beijing
Peking University Health Science Center
Moussaoui, Driss
Morocco, Casablanca
University Psychiatric Center
David, I.
Czech Republic, Klecany
Národní Ústav Duševního Zdraví, Klecany
Sato, K.
Japan, Sapporo
Hokkaido University School of Medicine
Yamashita, Itaru
Japan, Sapporo
Hokkaido University School of Medicine
Kathmann, Norbert
Germany, Munich
Klinikum Der Universität München
Hippius, H.
Germany, Munich
Klinikum Der Universität München
Thavundayil, J. X.
Canada, Montreal
Le Centre de Recherche Douglas
Lal, Samarthji
Canada, Montreal
Le Centre de Recherche Douglas
Vasavan Nair, N. P.
Canada, Montreal
Le Centre de Recherche Douglas
Potkin, Steven G.
United States, Irvine
University of California, Irvine
Prilipko, Leonid L.
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Statistics
Citations: 72
Authors: 17
Affiliations: 10
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00181-X
ISSN:
09209964
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Mental Health
Study Design
Exploratory Study