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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
The combination of abundance and infection rates of Culicoides sonorensis estimates risk of subsequent bluetongue virus infection of sentinel cattle on California dairy farms
Veterinary Parasitology, Volume 187, No. 1-2, Year 2012
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Description
Bluetongue (BT) is an important viral disease of ruminants that is transmitted by hematophagous Culicoides midges. We examined the seasonal patterns of abundance and infection of Culicoides sonorensis at four dairy farms in the northern Central Valley of California to develop estimates of risk for bluetongue virus (BTV) transmission to cattle at each farm. These four farms were selected because of their similar meteorological conditions but varying levels of vector abundance and BTV infection of cattle. C. sonorensis midges were collected weekly at each farm during the seasonal transmission period, using three different trapping methods: traps baited with either carbon dioxide (CO 2) alone or traps with CO 2 and UV light, and by direct aspiration of midges from sentinel cattle. Analysis of BTV-infected midges using group and serotype-specific quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays confirmed that BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13 and 17 are all present in the region, but that midge infection rates and the number of BTV serotypes circulating differed markedly among the individual farms. Furthermore, more serotypes of BTV were present in midges than in sentinel cattle at individual farms where BTV circulated, and the virus was detected at each farm in midges prior to detection in cattle. BTV infection rates were remarkably lower among female C. sonorensis midges collected by CO 2 traps with UV light than among midges collected by either animal-baited aspirations or in CO 2 traps without light. A subsample of female midges examined from each collection method showed no overall differences in the proportion of female midges that had previously fed on a host. Findings from this study confirm the importance of using sensitive surveillance methods for both midge collection and virus detection in epidemiological studies of BTV infection, which is especially critical if the data are to be used for development of mathematical models to predict the occurrence of BTV infection of livestock. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Authors & Co-Authors
Mayo, C. E.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Mullens, B.
United States, Riverside
University of California, Riverside
Gerry, Alec C.
United States, Riverside
University of California, Riverside
Barker, Christopher M.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Mertens, Peter Paul Clement
United Kingdom, Surrey
The Pirbright Institute
Maan, Sushila
United Kingdom, Surrey
The Pirbright Institute
Maan, Narender Singh
United Kingdom, Surrey
The Pirbright Institute
Gardner, Ian Andrew
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Guthrie, Alan John
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
MacLachlan, Nigel James
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Statistics
Citations: 43
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.004
ISSN:
03044017
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Approach
Quantitative
Participants Gender
Female