An investigation into the role of light during desiccation of three angiosperm resurrection plants

Under water-limiting conditions excitation energy harnessed by chlorophyll can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resurrection plants minimize their formation by preventing the opportunity for light-chlorophyll interaction but also quench them via antioxidants. Poikilochlorohyllous species such as Xerophyta humilis break down chlorophyll to avoid ROS formation. Homoiochlorophyllous types retain chlorophyll. We proposed that leaf folding during drying of Craterostigma wilmsli and Myrothamnus flabellifolius shades chlorophyll to avoid ROS (Farrant, Plant Ecology 151, 29-39, 2000). This was tested by preventing leaf folding during drying in light. As controls, plants were dried without light, and X. humilis was included. Craterostigma wilmsii did not survive drying in light if the leaves were prevented from folding, despite protection from increased anthocyanin and sucrose and elevated antioxidant enzyme activity. Membranes were damaged, electrolyte leakage was elevated and plastoglobuli (evidence of light stress) accumulated in chloroplasts. Restrained leaves of M. flabellifolius survived drying in light. Leaf folding allows less shading, but the extent of chemical protection (anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity) is considerably higher in this species compared with C. wilmsii. Chemical protection appears to be light regulated in M. flabellifolius but not in C. wilmsii. Drying in the dark resulted in loss of viability in the homoiochlorophyllous but not the poikilochlorophyllous species. It is hypothesized that some of the genes required for protection are light regulated in the former.