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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
chemistry
Depth profiles of volatile iodine and bromine-containing halocarbons in coastal Antarctic waters
Marine Chemistry, Volume 103, No. 3-4, Year 2007
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Description
Measurements of bromoform (CHBr3), diiodomethane (CH2I2), chloroiodomethane (CH2ICl) and bromoiodomethane (CH2IBr) were made in the water column (5-100 m depth) of the Southern Ocean within 0-40 km of the Antarctic sea ice during the ANTXX1/2 transect of the German R/V Polarstern, at five locations between 70-72°S and 9-11°W in the Antarctic spring/summer of 2003-2004. Some of the profiles exhibited a very pronounced layer of surface sea-ice meltwater, as evidenced by salinity minima and temperature maxima, along with surface maxima in concentrations of CHBr3, CH2I2, CH2ICl and CH2IBr. These results are consistent with in situ surface halocarbon production by ice algae liberated from the sea ice, although production within the sea ice followed by transport cannot be entirely ruled out. Additional sub-surface maxima in halocarbons occurred between 20 and 80 m. At a station further from shore and not affected by surface sea-ice meltwater, surface concentrations of CH2I2 were decreased whereas CH2ICl concentrations were increased compared to the stations influenced by meltwater, consistent with photochemical conversion of CH2I2 to CH2ICl, perhaps during upward mixing from a layer at ∼ 70 m enhanced in iodocarbons. Mean surface (5-10 m) water concentrations of halocarbons in these coastal Antarctic waters were 57 pmol l- 1 CHBr3 (range 44-78 pmol l- 1), 4.2 pmol l- 1 CH2I2 (range 1.7-8.2 pmol l- 1), 0.8 pmol l- 1 CH2IBr (range 0.2-1.4 pmol l- 1), and 0.7 pmol l- 1 CH2ICl (range 0.2-2.4 pmol l- 1). Concurrent measurements in air suggested a sea-air flux of bromoform near the Antarctic coast of between 1 and 100 (mean 32.3, median 10.4) nmol m- 2 day- 1 and saturation anomalies of 557-1082% (mean 783%, median 733%), similar in magnitude to global shelf values. In surface samples affected by meltwater, CH2I2 fluxes ranged from 0.02 to 6.1 nmol m- 2 day- 1, with mean and median values of 1.9 and 1.1 nmol m- 2 day- 1, respectively. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Carpenter, Lucy J.
United Kingdom, York
University of York
Palmer, Carl J.
United Kingdom, York
University of York
Statistics
Citations: 66
Authors: 2
Affiliations: 2
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.marchem.2006.08.003
ISSN:
03044203
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Approach
Qualitative