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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
environmental science
Long-term personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution among school children, a validation study
Science of the Total Environment, Volume 368, No. 2-3, Year 2006
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Description
Several recent studies suggest an association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and health. Most studies use indicators of exposure such as outdoor air pollution or traffic density on the street of residence. Little information is available about the validity of these measurements as an estimate of long-term personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution. In this pilot study, we assessed outdoor and personal exposure to traffic-related air pollution in children living in homes on streets with different degree of traffic intensity. The personal exposure of 14 children aged 9-12 years to 'soot', NOx (NO and NO2) was assessed in Amsterdam between March and June 2003. Each child's personal exposure was monitored during four repeated 48-h periods. Concurrently, in- and outdoor NOx measurements were carried out at the school and at the home of each participating child. Measurements were supplemented by a questionnaire on time activity patterns and possible indoor sources. Flow-controlled battery operated pumps in a made-to-fit backpack were used to sample personal exposure to 'soot', determined from the reflectance of PM2.5 filters. Exposure to NOx was assessed using Ogawa passive samplers. Children living near busy roads were found to have a 35% higher personal exposure to 'soot' than children living at an urban background location, despite that all children attended the same school that was located away from busy roads. Smaller contrasts in personal exposure were found for NO (14%), NO2 (15%) and NOx (14%). This finding supports the use of 'living near a busy road' as a measure of exposure in epidemiological studies on the effects of traffic-related air pollution in children. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Van Roosbroeck, Sofie
Netherlands, Utrecht
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
Wichmann, Janine
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Janssen, Nicole A.H.
Netherlands, Bilthoven
Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Hoek, Gerard
Netherlands, Utrecht
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
van Wijnen, Joop H.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Lebret, Erik
Netherlands, Bilthoven
Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Brunekreef, Bert A.
Netherlands, Utrecht
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
Netherlands, Utrecht
University Medical Center Utrecht
Statistics
Citations: 80
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.034
ISSN:
00489697
Research Areas
Environmental
Maternal And Child Health