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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
The geographic distribution of Loa loa in Africa: Results of large-scale implementation of the rapid assessment procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Volume 5, No. 6, Article e1210, Year 2011
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Description
Background: Loiasis is a major obstacle to ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis control and lymphatic filariasis elimination in central Africa. In communities with a high level of loiasis endemicity, there is a significant risk of severe adverse reactions to ivermectin treatment. Information on the geographic distribution of loiasis in Africa is urgently needed but available information is limited. The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) undertook large scale mapping of loiasis in 11 potentially endemic countries using a rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) that uses a simple questionnaire on the history of eye worm. Methodology/Principal Findings: RAPLOA surveys were done in a spatial sample of 4798 villages covering an area of 2500×3000 km centred on the heartland of loiasis in Africa. The surveys showed high risk levels of loiasis in 10 countries where an estimated 14.4 million people live in high risk areas. There was a strong spatial correlation among RAPLOA data, and kriging was used to produce spatially smoothed contour maps of the interpolated prevalence of eye worm and the predictive probability that the prevalence exceeds 40%. Conclusion/Significance: The contour map of eye worm prevalence provides the first global map of loiasis based on actual survey data. It shows a clear distribution with two zones of hyper endemicity, large areas that are free of loiasis and several borderline or intermediate zones. The surveys detected several previously unknown hyperendemic foci, clarified the distribution of loiasis in the Central African Republic and large parts of the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo for which hardly any information was available, and confirmed known loiasis foci. The new maps of the prevalence of eye worm and the probability that the prevalence exceeds the risk threshold of 40% provide critical information for ivermectin treatment programs among millions of people in Africa. © 2011 Zouré et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Zouré, Honorat Gustave Marie
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Wanji, Samuel
Cameroon, Yaounde
Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment
Cameroon, Buea
University of Buea
Noma, Mounkaïla M.
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Amazigo, Uche V.
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Diggle, Peter J.
United Kingdom, Liverpool
University of Liverpool
Tekle, Afework Hailemariam
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Remme, Jan Hans F.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 245
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001210
ISSN:
19352727
e-ISSN:
19352735
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Central African Republic
Congo