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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Validation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a Moroccan sample with substance use disorder
BMC Psychiatry, Volume 23, No. 1, Article 723, Year 2023
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Description
Background: Transcultural validation studies of depression scales are rare in Morocco. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is commonly one of the most common and frequently used screening instruments for depressive symptoms, but the scale has not, up to date, been validated in dialect of Arabic in Moroccan contexts. Given the importance of assessing and preventing depressive symptoms in our Moroccan context, this study aims to validate the CES-D, translated, and adapted to the dialect of Arabic and Moroccan culture, in a sample with substance use disorder. Methods: The data were analyzed in two successive phases. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the factor structure in the pilot sample (N = 140). Then, this structure was confirmed in the validation sample (N = 205) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors different from the four factors in the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structure of three factors. The fit indices level showed acceptable to good performance of the measurement model. The instrument showed sufficient reliability and convergent validity, as demonstrated by acceptable values of composite reliability (CR = 0.89–0.93) and average variance extracted (AVE = 0.64–0.66), respectively. The square roots of AVE were higher than factor-factor pairs correlations, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT) of correlations values was less than 0.85, indicating acceptable discriminant validity. Conclusions: Overall reliability and both convergent and discriminant validity tests indicated that the Moroccan dialectal Arabic version of the CES-D had a good performance and may serve as a valid tool for measuring the severity of depression in people with substance use disorder. © 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
Authors & Co-Authors
El-Hilaly, Jaouad
Morocco, Fez
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
Morocco, Fez
Regional Center of Education and Training Crme f of Fez
El Gnaoui, Samir
Unknown Affiliation
Ragala, Mohammed El Amine
Morocco, Fez
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
El-Rhazi, Karima E.
Morocco, Fez
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
Zarrouq, Btissame
Morocco, Fez
Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
Statistics
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 2
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/s12888-023-05245-2
ISSN:
1471244X
Research Areas
Mental Health
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Exploratory Study
Study Locations
Morocco