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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Inferior clinical outcome of the CD4+ cell count-guided antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in the SMART study: Role of CD4+ cell counts and HIV RNA levels during follow-up
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 197, No. 8, Year 2008
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Description
Background and methods. The SMART study compared 2 strategies for using antiretroviral therapy - drug conservation (DC) and viral suppression (VS) - in 5472 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts >350 cells/μL. Rates and predictors of opportunistic disease or death (OD/death) and the relative risk (RR) in DC versus VS groups according to the latest CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA level are reported. Results. During a mean of 16 months of follow-up, DC patients spent more time with a latest CD4+ cell count <350 cells/μL (for DC vs. VS, 31% vs. 8%) and with a latest HIV RNA level >400 copies/mL (71% vs. 28%) and had a higher rate of OD/death (3.4 vs. 1.3/100 person-years) than VS patients. For periods of follow-up with a CD4+ cell count <350 cells/μL, rates of OD/death were increased but similar in the 2 groups (5.7 vs. 4.6/100 person-years), whereas the rates were higher in DC versus VS patients (2.3 vs. 1.0/100 person-years; RR, 2.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.4]) for periods with the latest CD4+ cell count ≥350 cells/μL - an increase explained by the higher HIV RNA levels in the DC group. Conclusions. The higher risk of OD/death in DC patients was associated with (1) spending more follow-up time with relative immunodeficiency and (2) living longer with uncontrolled HIV replication even at higher CD4+ cell counts. Ongoing HIV replication at a given CD4+ cell count places patients at an excess risk of OD/death. Trial registration. Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT00027352. © 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Lundgren, Jens D.
Denmark, Copenhagen
Rigshospitalet
Babiker, Abdel G.A.G.
United Kingdom, London
Medical Research Council
El-Sadr, W. M.
United States, New York
Columbia University
Emery, Sean
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Grund, Birgit
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Neaton, James D.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Neuhaus, Jacqueline A.
United States, Minneapolis
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Phillips, Andrew N.
United Kingdom, London
University College London
Gordin, Fred M.
Unknown Affiliation
Finley, Elizabeth B.
Unknown Affiliation
Dietz, D.
Unknown Affiliation
Chesson, Charles E.
Unknown Affiliation
Vjecha, Michael J.
Unknown Affiliation
Standridge, Barbara
Unknown Affiliation
Schmetter, Barry S.
Unknown Affiliation
Grue, Louis
Unknown Affiliation
Willoughby, M.
Unknown Affiliation
Demers, Andrew James
Unknown Affiliation
Phillips, Andrew N.
Unknown Affiliation
Dragsted, Ulrik Bak
Unknown Affiliation
Jensen, Karoline B.
Unknown Affiliation
Fau, A.
Unknown Affiliation
Borup, Liselotte
Unknown Affiliation
Pearson, Mary T.
Unknown Affiliation
Jansson, Per Olof
Unknown Affiliation
Jensen, Birgitte Gram
Unknown Affiliation
Benfield, Thomas Lars
Unknown Affiliation
Darbyshire, Janet H.
Unknown Affiliation
Babiker, A. G.
Unknown Affiliation
Palfreeman, Adrian J.
Unknown Affiliation
Fleck, Sue L.
Unknown Affiliation
Collaço-Moraes, Yolanda
Unknown Affiliation
Cordwell, B.
Unknown Affiliation
Dodds, Wendy
Unknown Affiliation
Cooper, David A.
Unknown Affiliation
Drummond, Fraser M.
Unknown Affiliation
Connor, S. A.
Unknown Affiliation
Satchell, Claudette S.
Unknown Affiliation
Gunn, S.
Unknown Affiliation
Oka, Shinichi
Unknown Affiliation
Delfino, Marina A.
Unknown Affiliation
Merlin, Kate M.
Unknown Affiliation
McGinley, Ciara
Unknown Affiliation
DuChêne, Alain G.
Unknown Affiliation
George, Michael
Unknown Affiliation
Hogan, Carlton
Unknown Affiliation
Krum, Eric A.
Unknown Affiliation
Larson, Gregg S.
Unknown Affiliation
Miller, Christopher J.
Unknown Affiliation
Nelson, Ray
Unknown Affiliation
Roediger, M. P.
Unknown Affiliation
Schultz, Terri
Unknown Affiliation
Thackeray, Lisa M.
Unknown Affiliation
Prineas, Ronald J.
Unknown Affiliation
Campbell, Colin N.J.
Unknown Affiliation
Pérez, George
Unknown Affiliation
Lifson, Alan Raymond
Unknown Affiliation
Duprez, Daniel A.
Unknown Affiliation
Hoy, Jennifer F.
Unknown Affiliation
Lahart, Christopher J.
Unknown Affiliation
Perlman, David H.
Unknown Affiliation
Price, Richard W.
Unknown Affiliation
Rhame, Frank S.
Unknown Affiliation
Sampson, J.
Unknown Affiliation
Worley, John
Unknown Affiliation
DerSimonian, Rebecca R.
Unknown Affiliation
Brody, B. A.
Unknown Affiliation
Daar, Eric S.
Unknown Affiliation
Dubler, Nancy Neveloff
Unknown Affiliation
Fleming, Thomas R.
Unknown Affiliation
Freeman, D. J.
Unknown Affiliation
Kahn, Jeffrey P.
Unknown Affiliation
Kim, Kyungmann
Unknown Affiliation
Medoff, G.
Unknown Affiliation
Modlin, John F.
Unknown Affiliation
Moellering, R.
Unknown Affiliation
Murray, B. E.
Unknown Affiliation
Pick, Billy
Unknown Affiliation
Robb, Merlin Lee
Unknown Affiliation
Scharfstein, Daniel O.
Unknown Affiliation
Sugarman, Jeremy
Unknown Affiliation
Tsiatis, Anastasios Butch
Unknown Affiliation
Tuazon, Carmelita U.
Unknown Affiliation
Zoloth, L.
Unknown Affiliation
Klingman, Karin L.
Unknown Affiliation
Lehrman, Sandra Nusinoff
Unknown Affiliation
Lazovski, Jaime
Unknown Affiliation
Belloso, Waldo Horacio
Unknown Affiliation
Losso, Marcelo Horacio
Unknown Affiliation
Benetucci, Jorge A.
Unknown Affiliation
Cahn, Pedro Enrique
Unknown Affiliation
Cassetti, Isabel
Unknown Affiliation
Corral, Jorge A.
Unknown Affiliation
Crinejo, Ana
Unknown Affiliation
David, Daniel O.
Unknown Affiliation
Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier
Unknown Affiliation
Laplumé, Héctor E.
Unknown Affiliation
Lupo, Sergio Horacio
Unknown Affiliation
Hoy, Jennifer F.
Unknown Affiliation
Anderson, Jonathan St C.
Unknown Affiliation
Barnes, Kathleen C.
Unknown Affiliation
Carr, Andrew D.
Unknown Affiliation
Chuah, John C.P.
Unknown Affiliation
Donohue, William A.
Unknown Affiliation
Doong, Nicholas C.
Unknown Affiliation
Dwyer, Dominic Edmund
Unknown Affiliation
French, Martyn A.H.
Unknown Affiliation
Garsia, Roger J.
Unknown Affiliation
Gold, Julian
Unknown Affiliation
Konecny, Pam
Unknown Affiliation
Moore, Richard James
Unknown Affiliation
Piper, Margaret A.
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Roth, Norman J.
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Silvers, Julie Elizabeth
Unknown Affiliation
Smith, David J.
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Street, Alan C.
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Rieger, Armin C.
Unknown Affiliation
Aichelburg, Alexander C.
Unknown Affiliation
Vetter, Norbert
Unknown Affiliation
Clumeck, Nathan N.
Unknown Affiliation
de Roo, Ann
Unknown Affiliation
Lynen, Lutgarde
Unknown Affiliation
Schechter, Mauro T.
Unknown Affiliation
Brites, Carlos R.
Unknown Affiliation
Caseiro, Marcos Montani
Unknown Affiliation
Madruga, José Valdez Ramalho
Unknown Affiliation
Reuter, Tania Queiroz
Unknown Affiliation
Sidi, Leon Claude
Unknown Affiliation
Ellis, Matthew James C.
Unknown Affiliation
Haase, David A.
Unknown Affiliation
Klein, Marina Barbara
Unknown Affiliation
Schlech, Walter F.
Unknown Affiliation
Smaill, Fiona Mary
Unknown Affiliation
Trottier, Sylvie
Unknown Affiliation
Walmsley, Sharon Lynn
Unknown Affiliation
Wolff Reyes, Marcelo J.
Unknown Affiliation
Østergaard, Lars Jørgen
Unknown Affiliation
Pedersen, Court K.
Unknown Affiliation
Ristola, M.
Unknown Affiliation
Girard, Pierre Marie
Unknown Affiliation
Landman, Roland
Unknown Affiliation
Abgrall, Sophie
Unknown Affiliation
Benalycherif, Aïda
Unknown Affiliation
Bentata, Michelle
Unknown Affiliation
Besnier, Jean Marc
Unknown Affiliation
Bouchaud, Olivier
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Cabiè, André Crossed Dsign©
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Chennebault, Jean Marie
Unknown Affiliation
Durant, Jacques M.
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Gérard, Laurence
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Gilquin, Jacques M.
Unknown Affiliation
Hoën, Bruno
Unknown Affiliation
Jeantils, Vincent
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Lévy, Yvés
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Michon, Christopher P.
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Pacanowski, Jérôme
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Poizot-Martin, Isabelle
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Salmon, Dominique
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Simon, Anne Laure
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Tassi, Sylvie
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Verdón, Renault
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Weinbreck, Pierre
Unknown Affiliation
Weiss, Laurence L.
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Yazdanpanah, Yazdan
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Yéni, Patrick G.
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Fätkenheuer, Gerd
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Staszewski, Schlomo
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Bogner, Johannes Richard
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Brockmeyer, Norbert Hermann
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Esser, Stefan
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Goebel, Frank Detlef
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Klinker, Hartwig H.F.
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Lehmann, Clara
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Lennemann, Tessa Suntje
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Rockstroh, Jürgen Kurt
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Stoehr, Albrecht
Unknown Affiliation
Wasmuth, Jan Christian
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Hatzakis, Angelos E.
Unknown Affiliation
Touloumi, Giota
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Antoniadou, Anastasia C.
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Daikos, Georgios L.
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Katsarou, Olga I.
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Kordossis, Theodoros
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Lazanas, Marios C.
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Paparizos, Vassilios A.
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Papastamopoulos, V.
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Skoutelis, Athanasios Th
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Dockrell, D. Harold
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Pollack, Shimon
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Agmon-Levin, Nancy
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Kedem, Eynat
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Maayan, Sholomo L.
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Shahar, Eduardo
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Sthoeger, Zed M.
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Turner, David P.J.
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Tambussi, Giuseppe
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Bonora, Stefano
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Carosi, Giaampiero
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Casari, Salvatore
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Di Perri, Giovanni
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Nozza, Silvia
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Quirino, Tiziana
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Schmit, Jean Claude
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Staub, Thérèse
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Himmich, Hakima
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Marhoum El Filali, Kamal
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Mills, Graham D.
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la Rosa, Alberto M.
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Horban, Andrzéj
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Ba̧kowska, Elżbieta
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Beniowski, Marek
Unknown Affiliation
Antunes, Francisco
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Mansinho, Kamal
Unknown Affiliation
Valadas, Emília
Unknown Affiliation
Rakhmanova, Aza Gasanovna
Unknown Affiliation
Yakovlev, Alexey A.
Unknown Affiliation
Zakharova, Natalia V.
Unknown Affiliation
Wood, Robin Y.
Unknown Affiliation
Gatell, José Mariá A.
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Clotet, Bonaventura
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Dalmau, David
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Pulido, F.
Unknown Affiliation
Sanz, Jesuìs L.
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Hirschel, Bernard J.
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Battegay, Manuel
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Bernasconi, Enos
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Cavassini, Matthias
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Furrer, Hansjakob Jackob
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Gayet-Ageron, Angèle
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Müller, Nicolas J.
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Phanuphak, Praphan
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Ruxrungtham, Kiat
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Pumpradit, Wadchara
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Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan
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Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin
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Klinbuayaem, Virat
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Piyavong, Bucha
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Gazzard, Brian G.
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Ainsworth, Jonathan G.
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Anderson, Jane S.C.
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Angus, Brian John
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Brook, Michael Gary
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Chadwick, David Robert
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Churchill, Duncan R.
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Easterbrook, Philippa Jane
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Fox, Raymond
Unknown Affiliation
Gompels, Mark M.
Unknown Affiliation
Jackson, Akil G.A.
Unknown Affiliation
Johnson, Margaret A.
Unknown Affiliation
Kuldanek, Kristin A.
Unknown Affiliation
Leen, Clifford L.S.
Unknown Affiliation
Mantell, Joanne E.
Unknown Affiliation
Morris, Sheila
Unknown Affiliation
Orkin, Chloë M.
Unknown Affiliation
Peters, Bjoern S.
Unknown Affiliation
Peto, Timothy E.A.
Unknown Affiliation
Portsmouth, Simon D.
Unknown Affiliation
Ronan, Agnes
Unknown Affiliation
Schwenk, Achim
Unknown Affiliation
Wansbrough-Jones, Mark H.
Unknown Affiliation
Williams, Elizabeth Dixon
Unknown Affiliation
Williams, Ian G.
Unknown Affiliation
Youle, Mike S.
Unknown Affiliation
Adams, Stuart Paul
Unknown Affiliation
Andrews, Laurie A.
Unknown Affiliation
Arduino, Roberto C.
Unknown Affiliation
Baxter, John D.
Unknown Affiliation
Bolan, Robert Key
Unknown Affiliation
Brown, Shawn K.
Unknown Affiliation
Clark, Clifford G.
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Cohen, Calvin J.
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DeHovitz, Jack A.
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DeJesus, Edwin
Unknown Affiliation
Estes, Mary Kolb
Unknown Affiliation
Flynn, Harry W.
Unknown Affiliation
Friedland, Gerald H.
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Bidwell Goetz, Matthew Bidwell
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Hennessey, Karen A.
Unknown Affiliation
Hodder, Sally L.
Unknown Affiliation
Johnson, Debra L.
Unknown Affiliation
Johnson, Gordon J.
Unknown Affiliation
Johnson, Leigh
Unknown Affiliation
Kostman, Jay R.
Unknown Affiliation
Kumar, Amit Ganesh
Unknown Affiliation
Lucasti, Christopher J.
Unknown Affiliation
Mannheimer, Sharon B.
Unknown Affiliation
Markowitz, Norman P.
Unknown Affiliation
Martínez, Núria E.
Unknown Affiliation
Mogyoros, Miguel
Unknown Affiliation
Mushatt, David M.
Unknown Affiliation
Nadler, Jeffrey P.
Unknown Affiliation
Nixon, Daniel E.
Unknown Affiliation
O'Brien, Stephen J.
Unknown Affiliation
Oldfïeld, Edward C.
Unknown Affiliation
Ortiz, Roberto
Unknown Affiliation
Paul, Stéphane
Unknown Affiliation
Pelz, Robert K.
Unknown Affiliation
Pierone, Gerald
Unknown Affiliation
Rimland, David
Unknown Affiliation
Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C.
Unknown Affiliation
Scott, Callie A.
Unknown Affiliation
Scott, Rachel K.
Unknown Affiliation
Sension, Michael G.
Unknown Affiliation
Shuter, Jonathan
Unknown Affiliation
Tedaldi, Ellen M.
Unknown Affiliation
Telzak, Edward E.
Unknown Affiliation
Temesgen, Zelalem M.
Unknown Affiliation
Thompson, Melanie A.
Unknown Affiliation
Thompson, Simon G.
Unknown Affiliation
Uy, Jonathan P.
Unknown Affiliation
Vecino, Isabel
Unknown Affiliation
Weis, Stephen E.
Unknown Affiliation
Wilkin, Aimee M.
Unknown Affiliation
Young, Benjamin
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 180
Authors: 314
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1086/529523
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cohort Study