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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Multiple independent lineages of HIV-1 persist in breast milk and plasma
AIDS, Volume 25, No. 2, Year 2011
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Description
Design: The origin and evolution of HIV-1 in breast milk is unclear, despite the continuing significance of this tissue as a transmitting compartment. To elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of viral populations in a transient mucosal compartment, longitudinal sequences of the envelope glycoprotein (gp120) region from plasma and breast milk spanning the first year after delivery were analyzed in six women infected by HIV-1 subtype C. Methods: Multiple phylogenetic algorithms were used to elucidate the evolutionary history and spatial structure of virus populations between tissues. Results: Overall persistent mixing of viral sequences between plasma and breast milk indicated that breast milk is not a distinct genetic viral compartment. Unexpectedly, longitudinal phylogenies showed multiple lineages defined by long branches that included virus from both the breast milk and the plasma. Plasma was unlikely the anatomical origin of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in at least three of the patients, although in other women, the temporal origin of the MRCA of the viral populations following delivery occurred well before the onset of breast milk production. Conclusions: These findings suggest that during pregnancy/lactation, a viral variant distinct from the plasma virus initially seeds the breast milk, followed by subsequent gene flow between the plasma and breast milk tissues. This study indicates the potential for reactivation or reintroduction of distinct lineages during major immunological disruptions during the course of natural infection. © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Authors & Co-Authors
Gray, Rebecca R.
United States, Madison
Laboratory Medicine
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Salemi, Marco
United States, Madison
Laboratory Medicine
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Lowe, Amanda
United States, Madison
Laboratory Medicine
Nakamura, Kyle J.
United States, Los Angeles
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
United States, Los Angeles
Keck School of Medicine of Usc
Decker, William Don
United States, Los Angeles
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Sinkala, Moses M.
Zambia, Lusaka
Lusaka District Health Management Team
Kankasa, Chipepo
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Mulligan, Connie J.
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Thea, Donald M.
United States, Boston
School of Public Health
Kuhn, Louise
United States, New York
Columbia University
Aldrovandi, Grace M.
United States, Los Angeles
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
United States, Los Angeles
Keck School of Medicine of Usc
Goodenow, Maureen Michels
United States, Madison
Laboratory Medicine
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Statistics
Citations: 24
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 8
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/QAD.0b013e328340fdaf
e-ISSN:
14735571
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Participants Gender
Female