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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
engineering
Lithium insertion into manganese spinels
Materials Research Bulletin, Volume 18, No. 4, Year 1983
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Description
Lithium has been inserted chemically and electrochemically into Mn3O4 and Li[Mn2]O4 at room temperature. From X-ray diffraction, it is shown that the [Mn2]O4 subarray of the A[B2]X4 spinels remains unperturbed and that the electrons compensating for the Li+-ion charge reduce Mn3+ to Mn2+ in Mn3O4 and Mn4+ to Mn3+ in Li[Mn2]O4. In LixMn3O4, the tetragonal distortion due to a cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion by octahedral-site Mn3+ ions decreases with x from c a = 1.157 for x = 0 to c a = 1.054 for x = 1. The system Li1+x[Mn2]O4, is cubic at x = 0 and tetragonal ( c a = 1.161) at x = 1.2. Electrochemical data reveal a two-phase region in the Li1+xMn2O4 system and a maximum xm = 1.25. X-ray diffraction confirms the coexistence of a cubic and a tetragonal phase in the compositional range 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.8. The X-ray data also show that the inserted Li+ ions occupy the interstitial octahedral positions of the spinel structure. However, in LixMn3O4 the tetrahedral-site Mn2+ions are displaced from the A positions to the interstitial octahedral positions, as in LixFe3O4, whereas the tetrahedral-site Li+ ions in Li[Mn2]O4 remain on the A sites. © 1983.
Authors & Co-Authors
Thackeray, Michaelm M.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
David, William I.F.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Bruce, Peter G.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Goodenough, John B.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford
Statistics
Citations: 1,563
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 1
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/0025-5408(83)90138-1
ISSN:
00255408