Effect of acyclovir on HIV-1 set point among herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive persons during early HIV-1 infection

We evaluated whether acyclovir suppression during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition reduces HIV-1 set point, increases CD4 cell counts, and selects reverse- transcriptase mutations among 76 HIV-1 seroconverters identified in a placebo-controlled trial of twice-daily acyclovir (400 mg) for the prevention of HIV acquisition in herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive persons(HIV Prevention Trials Network study 039). We found no significant difference in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (Pp.30) or CD4 cell counts (Pp.85) between the acyclovir and placebo recipients. V75I and other mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase reported from in vitro acyclovir studies were not observed. In conclusion, acyclovir suppression during HIV-1 seroconversion and the subsequent 6 months does not affect HIV-1 set point. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.