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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
The carbon budget of South Asia
Biogeosciences, Volume 10, No. 1, Year 2013
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Description
The source and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) due to anthropogenic and natural biospheric activities were estimated for the South Asian region (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). Flux estimates were based on top-down methods that use inversions of atmospheric data, and bottom-up methods that use field observations, satellite data, and terrestrial ecosystem models. Based on atmospheric CO2 inversions, the net biospheric CO2 flux in South Asia (equivalent to the Net Biome Productivity, NBP) was a sink, estimated at -104 ± 150 Tg C yr−1 during 2007-2008. Based on the bottom-up approach, the net biospheric CO2 flux is estimated to be -191 ± 193 Tg C yr−1 during the period of 2000-2009. This last net flux results from the following flux components: (1) the Net Ecosystem Productivity, NEP (net primary production minus heterotrophic respiration) of -220 ± 186 Tg C yr−1 (2) the annual net carbon flux from land-use change of -14 ± 50 Tg C yr−1, which resulted from a sink of -16 Tg C yr−1 due to the establishment of tree plantations and wood harvest, and a source of 2 Tg C yr−1 due to the expansion of croplands; (3) the riverine export flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the coastal oceans of +42.9 Tg C yr−1; and (4) the net CO2 emission due to biomass burning of +44.1 ± 13.7 Tg C yr−1. Including the emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels of 444 Tg C yr−1 for the 2000s, we estimate a net CO2 land-atmosphere flux of 297 Tg C yr−1. In addition to CO2, a fraction of the sequestered carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is released to the atmosphere as CH4. Based on bottom-up and top-down estimates, and chemistry-transport modeling, we estimate that 37 ± 3.7 Tg C yr−1 were released to atmosphere from South Asia during the 2000s. Taking all CO2 and CH4 fluxes together, our best estimate of the net land-atmosphere CO2-equivalent flux is a net source of 334 Tg C yr−1 for the South Asian region during the 2000s. If CH4 emissions are weighted by radiative forcing of molecular CH4, the total CO2-equivalent flux increases to 1148 Tg C yr−1 suggesting there is great potential of reducing CH4 emissions for stabilizing greenhouse gases concentrations. © Author(s) 2013.
Authors & Co-Authors
Patra, Prabir K.
Japan, Yokosuka
Japan Agency for Marine-earth Science and Technology
Canadell, Josep G.
Australia, Hobart
Csiro Marine and Atmospheric Research
HOUGHTON, R. A.
United States, Falmouth
Woods Hole Research Center
Piao, Shilonog Long
China, Beijing
Peking University
Oh, Neunghwan
South Korea, Seoul
Seoul National University
Ciais, Philippe
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Manjunath, K. R.
India, Bengaluru
Indian Space Research Organisation
Chhabra, Abha Kumari
India, Bengaluru
Indian Space Research Organisation
Wang, Tao
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Bhattacharya, T.
India, Nagpur
Icar - National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning, Nagpur
Bousquet, Philippe
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Hartman, J.
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Ito, Akihiko
Japan, Tsukuba
National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan
Mayorga, Emilio
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Niwa, Yousuke
Japan, Tsukuba
Meteorological Research Institute
Raymond, Peter A.
United States, New Haven
Yale University
S Sarma, V. V.S.
India, Goa
National Institute of Oceanography India
Lasco, Rodel D.
Kenya, Nairobi
World Agroforestry Centre
Statistics
Citations: 97
Authors: 18
Affiliations: 15
Identifiers
Doi:
10.5194/bg-10-513-2013
e-ISSN:
17264189
Research Areas
Environmental