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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
earth and planetary sciences
Climatological simulations of ozone and atmospheric aerosols in the Greater Cairo region
Climate Research, Volume 59, No. 3, Year 2014
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Description
An integrated chemistry-climate model (RegCM4-CHEM) simulates present-day climate, ozone and tropospheric aerosols over Egypt with a focus on northern Africa and the Greater Cairo (GC) region. The densely populated GC region is known for its severe air quality issues driven by high levels of anthropogenic pollution in conjunction with natural sources such as dust, and agricultural burning events. We find that current global emission inventories underestimate key pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and anthropogenic aerosol species. In the GC region, average ground-based observations of the daily July maximum nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are 40 to 60 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and are about 10 ppbv higher than modeled estimates, likely due to model grid cell resolution, improper boundary layer representation, and poor emissions inventories. Observed July daily maximum ozone concentrations range from 30 ppbv (winter) to 90 ppbv (summer). The model reproduces the seasonal cycle fairly well, but modeled July ozone is underestimated by approximately 10 ppbv and exhibits little interannual variability. For aerosols, springtime dust events dominate the seasonal aerosol cycle. The chemistry-climate model captures the springtime peak aerosol optical depth (AOD) of 0.7 to 1 but is slightly greater than satellite-derived AOD. Observed AOD decreases in the summer and increases again in the fall due to agricultural burning events in the Nile Delta; however, the model underestimates this observed AOD peak in fall, as standard emissions inventories underestimate the extent of this burning and the resulting aerosol emissions. Our comparison of modeled gas and particulate phase atmospheric chemistry in the GC region indicates that improved emissions inventories of mobile sources and other anthropogenic activities, specifically NOx and organic aerosols, are needed to improve air quality simulations in this region. © Inter-Research 2014.
Authors & Co-Authors
Steiner, Allison L.
United States, Ann Arbor
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Tawfik, Ahmed B.
United States, Ann Arbor
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
United States, Fairfax
Center for Ocean-land-atmosphere Studies
Shalaby, Amer S.
Egypt, Cairo
Egyptian Meteorological Authority
Zakey, Ashraf Saber
Egypt, Cairo
Egyptian Meteorological Authority
Abdelwahab, M. M.
Egypt, Giza
Cairo University
Salah, Zeinab
Egypt, Cairo
Egyptian Meteorological Authority
Solmon, Fabien
Italy, Trieste
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
Sillman, Sanford
United States, Ann Arbor
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Zaveri, Rahul A.
United States, Richland
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Statistics
Citations: 12
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.3354/cr01211
ISSN:
0936577X
e-ISSN:
16161572
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Locations
Egypt