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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Global Λ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions
Nature, Volume 548, No. 7665, Year 2017
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Description
The extreme energy densities generated by ultra-relativistic collisions between heavy atomic nuclei produce a state of matter that behaves surprisingly like a fluid, with exceptionally high temperature and low viscosity. Non-central collisions have angular momenta of the order of 1,000h, and the resulting fluid may have a strong vortical structure that must be understood to describe the fluid properly. The vortical structure is also of particular interest because the restoration of fundamental symmetries of quantum chromodynamics is expected to produce novel physical effects in the presence of strong vorticity. However, no experimental indications of fluid vorticity in heavy ion collisions have yet been found. Since vorticity represents a local rotational structure of the fluid, spin-orbit coupling can lead to preferential orientation of particle spins along the direction of rotation. Here we present measurements of an alignment between the global angular momentum of a non-central collision and the spin of emitted particles (in this case the collision occurs between gold nuclei and produces Λ baryons), revealing that the fluid produced in heavy ion collisions is the most vortical system so far observed. (At high energies, this fluid is a quark-gluon plasma.) We find that Λ and hyperons show a positive polarization of the order of a few per cent, consistent with some hydrodynamic predictions. (A hyperon is a particle composed of three quarks, at least one of which is a strange quark; the remainder are up and down quarks, found in protons and neutrons.) A previous measurement that reported a null result, that is, zero polarization, at higher collision energies is seen to be consistent with the trend of our observations, though with larger statistical uncertainties. These data provide experimental access to the vortical structure of the nearly ideal liquid created in a heavy ion collision and should prove valuable in the development of hydrodynamic models that quantitatively connect observations to the theory of the strong force. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Adamczyk, Leszek
Poland, Krakow
Agh University of Krakow
Adkins, J. Kevin
United States, Lexington
University of Kentucky
Agakishiev, Geydar N.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Aggarwal, Madan M.
India, Chandigarh
Panjab University
Ahammed, Zubayer
India, Kolkata
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre India
Alekseev, Igor G.
Russian Federation, Moscow
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Russian Federation, Moscow
National Research Nuclear University Mephi
Anderson, Derek M.
United States, College Station
Texas A&m University
Aoyama, Ryo
Japan, Tsukuba
University of Tsukuba
Aparin, Alexey A.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Arkhipkin, Dmitry A.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Aschenauer, Elke Caroline
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Ashraf, Muhammad Usman
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Attri, Anjali
India, Chandigarh
Panjab University
Averichev, G. S.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Bai, Xinzhan
China, Wuhan
Central China Normal University
Bairathi, Vipul
India, Bhubaneswar
National Institute of Science Education and Research
Behera, Arabinda
United States, Stony Brook
Stony Brook University
Bellwied, René
United States, Houston
University of Houston
Bhasin, Anju
India, Jammu
University of Jammu
Bhati, Ashok Kumar
India, Chandigarh
Panjab University
Bhattarai, P.
United States, Austin
The University of Texas at Austin
Bielčík, Jaroslav
Czech Republic, Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
Bielčíková, Jana
Czech Republic, Rez
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V. V. I.
Bland, Leslie C.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Bordyuzhin, Igor G.
Russian Federation, Moscow
Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Bouchet, Jonathan
United States, Kent
Kent State University
Brandenburg, James Daniel
United States, Houston
Rice University
Brandin, A. V.
Russian Federation, Moscow
National Research Nuclear University Mephi
Bunzarov, I. Zh
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Butterworth, Jonathan Mark
United States, Houston
Rice University
Caines, Helen Louise
United States, New Haven
Yale University
Calderón de la Barca Sańchez, Manuel
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Campbell, John M.
United States, Columbus
The Ohio State University
Cebra, Daniel A.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Chakaberia, Irakli
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Chaloupka, Petr
Czech Republic, Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
Chang, Zilong
United States, College Station
Texas A&m University
Chankova-Bunzarova, N. Y.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Chatterjee, Arghya
India, Kolkata
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre India
Chattopadhyay, Sanatan
India, Kolkata
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre India
Chen, Jinhui
China, Beijing
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Cheng, Jianping
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Cherney, Michael Gerard
United States, Omaha
Creighton University
Christie, William B.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Contin, Giacomo
United States, Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Crawford, Henry J.
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Das, Sabita
China, Wuhan
Central China Normal University
Debbe, Ramiro R.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Dedovich, Tatiana G.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Deng, Jian
China, Jinan
Shandong University
Derevschikov, A. A.
Russian Federation, Protvino
Institut Fiziki Vysokikh Energii
Didenko, L.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Dilks, Christopher
United States, University Park
Pennsylvania State University
Dong, Xin
United States, Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Drachenberg, Jim L.
United States, Beaumont
Lamar University
Draper, James E.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Dunkelberger, L. E.
United States, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
Dunlop, James C.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Efimov, L. G.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Elsey, Nick
United States, Detroit
Wayne State University
Engelage, J. M.
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Eppley, G.
United States, Houston
Rice University
Esha, Roli
United States, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
Esumi, Shinichi
Japan, Tsukuba
University of Tsukuba
Evdokimov, Olga
United States, Chicago
University of Illinois at Chicago
Ewigleben, J.
United States, Bethlehem
Lehigh University
Eyser, Oleg
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Fatemi, Renee D.
United States, Lexington
University of Kentucky
Fazio, Salvatore
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Federič, Pavol
Czech Republic, Rez
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V. V. I.
Fedorišin, Ján
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Filip, Peter
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Finch, Evan
United States, New Haven
Southern Connecticut State University
Fisyak, Yuri
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Flores, C. E.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Fulek, Łukasz
Poland, Krakow
Agh University of Krakow
Gagliardi, C. A.
United States, College Station
Texas A&m University
Garand, David M.
United States, West Lafayette
Purdue University
Geurts, Frank J.M.
United States, Houston
Rice University
Gibson, Adam
United States, Valparaiso
Valparaiso University
Girard, Martin Robert
Poland, Warsaw
Politechnika Warszawska
Grosnick, D. P.
United States, Valparaiso
Valparaiso University
Gunarathne, D. S.
United States, Philadelphia
Temple University
Guo, Yupei
United States, Kent
Kent State University
Gupta, Anik
India, Jammu
University of Jammu
Gupta, Sheenu K.
India, Jammu
University of Jammu
Guryn, Wlodek
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Hamad, A. I.
United States, Kent
Kent State University
Hamed, Ahmed M.
United States, College Station
Texas A&m University
Harris, John William
United States, New Haven
Yale University
He, Liang
United States, West Lafayette
Purdue University
Heppelmann, Steven F.
United States, University Park
Pennsylvania State University
Heppelmann, S.
United States, Davis
University of California, Davis
Hoffmann, Gerald W.
United States, Austin
The University of Texas at Austin
Horvat, Stephen P.
United States, New Haven
Yale University
Huang, T. C.
Taiwan, Tainan
National Cheng Kung University
Huang, Bingchu
United States, Chicago
University of Illinois at Chicago
Huang, Xinjie
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Huang, Huangzhong
United States, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
Humanic, Thomas J.
United States, Columbus
The Ohio State University
Igo, George J.
United States, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
Jacobs, W. W.
United States, Bloomington
Indiana University Bloomington
Jia, Jiangyong
United States, Stony Brook
Stony Brook University
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Kabana, Sonia K.
United States, Kent
Kent State University
Kauder, Kolja
United States, Detroit
Wayne State University
Kumar, Lokesh Ashok
India, Chandigarh
Panjab University
Lednický, Richard I.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Li, Y. B.
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Lidrych, Jindřich
Czech Republic, Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
Magdy, Niseem
United States, Stony Brook
Stony Brook University
Nasim, Md H.
United States, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
Odyniec, Grażyna J.
United States, Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Posik, Matt
United States, Philadelphia
Temple University
Rogachevskiy, Oleg V.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan
United States, College Station
Texas A&m University
Sahu, Pradip Kumar
United States, College Station
Texas A&m University
Spinka, Harold M.
United States, Lemont
Argonne National Laboratory
Šumbera, Michal
Czech Republic, Rez
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic V. V. I.
Taranenko, Arkadiy V.
Russian Federation, Moscow
National Research Nuclear University Mephi
Tawfik, Abdel Nasser
Egypt, Cairo
World Laboratory for Cosmology and Particle Physics Wlcapp
Tripathy, Sushanta K.
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Vasiliev, Andrey N.
Russian Federation, Protvino
Institut Fiziki Vysokikh Energii
Vokál, S.
Russian Federation, Dubna
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Wang, Yi
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Xiao, Zhigang
China, Beijing
Tsinghua University
Yip, Kin
United States, Upton
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Zhang, Ziping
China, Beijing
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Statistics
Citations: 515
Authors: 127
Affiliations: 53
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1038/nature23004
ISSN:
00280836
Research Areas
Cancer
Health System And Policy