Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Recovery of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background Stroke outcome can be predicted by clinical features, biochemical parameters, and some risk factors. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in various stages of stroke pathology. MMP-9 inhibitors are potential stroke therapeutic agents. Little is known about the relation between MMP-9—after the acute stage—and clinical recovery. Objective The study aimed to investigate the serum level of MMP-9 at stroke onset as predictor of stroke outcome and the relation between the level of MMP-9 after 30 days and stroke recovery. Methods The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and serum level of MMP-9 were assessed in 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke during the first 24 hours of onset and then a month later. None of the patients received thrombolytic therapy. Thirty normal volunteers of matched age and sex were included in the control group. Results The serum level of MMP-9 at stroke onset was independently positively correlated with stroke outcome. The serum level of MMP-9 30 days after stroke onset was positively correlated with initial stroke severity and outcome, as well as with clinical recovery. Conclusion Higher serum level of MMP-9 at stroke onset can be a predictor of poor stroke outcome. However, beyond the acute stage, MMP-9 may play beneficial role in stroke recovery.