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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Flash-heat inactivation of HIV-1 in human milk: A potential method to reduce postnatal transmission in developing countries
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Volume 45, No. 3, Year 2007
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Description
BACKGROUND: Up to 40% of all mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurs by means of breast-feeding; yet, in developing countries, infant formula may not be a safe option. The World Health Organization recommends heat-treated breast milk as an infant-feeding alternative. We investigated the ability of a simple method, flash-heat, to inactivate HIV in breast milk from HIV-positive mothers. METHODS: Ninety-eight breast milk samples, collected from 84 HIV-positive mothers in a periurban settlement in South Africa, were aliquoted to unheated control and flash-heating. Reverse transcriptase (RT) assays (lower detection limit of 400 HIV copies/mL) were performed to differentiate active versus inactivated cell-free HIV in unheated and flash-heated samples. RESULTS: We found detectable HIV in breast milk samples from 31% (26 of 84) of mothers. After adjusting for covariates, multivariate logistic regression showed a statistically significant negative association between detectable virus in breast milk and maternal CD4 T-lymphocyte count (P = 0.045) and volume of breast milk expressed (P = 0.01) and a positive association with use of multivitamins (P = 0.03). All flash-heated samples showed undetectable levels of cell-free HIV-1 as detected by the RT assay (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Flash-heat can inactivate HIV in naturally infected breast milk from HIV-positive women. Field studies are urgently needed to determine the feasibility of in-home flash-heating breast milk to improve infant health while reducing postnatal transmission of HIV in developing countries. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Israel-Ballard, Kiersten A.
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Donovan, Richard M.
United States, Berkeley
Viral Rickettsial Disease Laboratory
Chantry, C.
United States, Sacramento
Uc Davis Medical Center
Coutsoudis, Anna
South Africa, Durban
The Nelson R. Mandela Medical School
Sheppard, Haynes W.
United States, Berkeley
Viral Rickettsial Disease Laboratory
Sibeko, Lindiwe N.
Canada, Montreal
Université Mcgill
Abrams, B.
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Statistics
Citations: 76
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/QAI.0b013e318074eeca
ISSN:
15254135
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Locations
South Africa
Participants Gender
Female