Multivitamin supplementation in HIV-positive pregnant women: Impact on depression and quality of life in a resource-poor setting

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin supplementation on health-related quality of life and the risk of elevated depressive symptoms comparable to major depressive disorder (MDD) in HIV-positive pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: From April 1995 to July 1997, 1078 HIV-positive pregnant women were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. We examined the effects of vitamin supplementation on quality of life and the risk of elevated depressive symptoms, assessed longitudinally every 6-12 months. Results: A substantial prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms (42%) was observed in HIV-positive pregnant women. Multivitamin supplementation (B-complex, C and E) demonstrated a protective effect on depression [relative risk (RR) = 0.78; P = 0.005] and quality of life [RR = 0.72 for social functioning (P = 0.001) and vitality (P = 0.0001); RR = 0.70 for role-physical (P = 0.002)]; however, vitamin A showed no effect on these outcomes. Conclusions: Multivitamin supplementation (B-complex, C and E) resulted in a reduction in risk of elevated depressive symptoms comparable to MDD and improvement in quality of life in HIV-positive pregnant women in Tanzania. © 2007 British HIV Association.