Community engagement for paediatric MDR-TB clinical trials: Principles to support ethical trial implementation

The paediatric tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment landscape is moving into a new and exciting era, with knowledge from clinical trials offering real benefit to children. Community engagement is key to optimizing the success of these trials. However, the clinical profile, epidemiology and social perceptions for paediatric multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) complicate the operationalisation of this community engagement.We reflect on a diversity of recent experiences attempting to implement this type of research and the community engagement around it. We describe four recommendations and argue that these should guide the implementation of the community engagement agenda in the new landscape of paediatric MDR-TB clinical trials. Specifically, we argue for 1) dynamic, long-term continuity in community engagement platforms; 2) tiers of TB and research literacy; 3) multiple separate and joint platforms for holding 'stakes'; and 4) addressing the social/structural implications of family participation. We conclude that community-level stakeholders, such as health workers, parents and children, are willing to collaborate in paediatric MDR-TB clinical trials. Using these recommendations, there is considerable opportunity for effective community engagement in this new era of paediatric MDR-TB research.