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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Multimodal pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles arabiensis, and anopheles funestus s.s. in western Kenya
PLoS ONE, Volume 6, No. 8, Article e22574, Year 2011
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Description
Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. are the most important species for malaria transmission. Pyrethroid resistance of these vector mosquitoes is one of the main obstacles against effective vector control. The objective of the present study was to monitor the pyrethroid susceptibility in the 3 major malaria vectors in a highly malaria endemic area in western Kenya and to elucidate the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in these species. Gembe East and West, Mbita Division, and 4 main western islands in the Suba district of the Nyanza province in western Kenya were used as the study area. Larval and adult collection and bioassay were conducted, as well as the detection of point mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (1014L) by using direct DNA sequencing. A high level of pyrethroid resistance caused by the high frequency of point mutations (L1014S) was detected in An. gambiae s.s. In contrast, P450-related pyrethroid resistance seemed to be widespread in both An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. Not a single L1014S mutation was detected in these 2 species. A lack of cross-resistance between DDT and permethrin was also found in An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s., while An. gambiae s.s. was resistant to both insecticides. It is noteworthy that the above species in the same area are found to be resistant to pyrethroids by their unique resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, it is interesting that 2 different resistance mechanisms have developed in the 2 sibling species in the same area individually. The cross resistance between permethrin and DDT in An. gambiae s.s. may be attributed to the high frequency of kdr mutation, which might be selected by the frequent exposure to ITNs. Similarly, the metabolic pyrethroid resistance in An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. is thought to develop without strong selection by DDT. © 2011 Kawada et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Kawada, Hitoshi
Japan, Nagasaki
Nagasaki University
Dida, Gabriel O.
Kenya, Maseno
Maseno University
Ohashi, Kazunori
Japan, Tokyo
Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
Komagata, O.
Japan, Tokyo
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Kasai, Shinji
Japan, Tokyo
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Tomita, T.
Japan, Tokyo
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Sonye, George O.
Unknown Affiliation
Maekawa, Yoshihide
Japan, Nagasaki
Nagasaki University
Mwatele, Cassian M.
Kenya, Nairobi
Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control
Njenga, Sammy Michugu
Kenya, Nairobi
Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control
Mwandawiro, Charles Simiti
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Minakawa, Noboru
Japan, Nagasaki
Nagasaki University
Takagi, Masahiro
Japan, Nagasaki
Nagasaki University
Statistics
Citations: 103
Authors: 13
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0022574
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Noncommunicable Diseases
Study Locations
Kenya