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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Microbiological assessment of commercially available quinine syrup and water for injections in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Volume 8, No. 5, Year 2009
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Description
Purpose: To conduct microbiological assessment of commercially available quinine syrups and water for injection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Dar es Salaam Region. Samples of quinine syrups (QNSs) and water for injection (WFI) of different batches were randomly purchased. Each QNS was inspected for label disclosure, and physicochemical properties were examined by the use of sense of organs and pH meter. Isolation and quantification of microbial contaminants from each sample was preceded by 24 - 48 h incubation at 37 °C, and the microbial contaminants were expressed as colony forming unit per millilitre (cfu/ml). Microbiological identification of contaminants was performed by examination of colony morphologies and growth characteristics. Gram staining technique, as well as biochemical and serological tests were also conducted for further identification. Albino rabbits were used for the pyrogen test to determine the presence of microbial contamination in WFI. Results: Twenty-four samples of QNS underwent label disclosure, physical-chemical and microbiological assessments. All QNS samples complied with the guidelines and microbial limits as per United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). All batches of WFI were found to be microbiologically contaminated, revealing average microbial counts of 87, 94 and 100 cfu/ml, and this was buttressed by pyrogen test, with the animals showing temperature rise of 1.0, 2.2 and 2.4 °C, respectively. Conclusion: The QNS products available in the Dar es Salaam market were of good microbial quality. However, WFI products were microbiologically contaminated. We recommend that regulatory authorities in Tanzania should diligently enforce regulatory control of the products to assure consumer safety. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Mwambete, Kennedy Daniel
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Justin-Temu, Mary
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Fazleabbas, Fatema S.
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Muhimbili National Hospital
Statistics
Citations: 39
Authors: 3
Affiliations: 2
Identifiers
Doi:
10.4314/tjpr.v8i5.48088
ISSN:
15965996
e-ISSN:
15969827
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Benin
Tanzania