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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Field studies of aflatoxin exposure, metabolism and induction of genetic alterations in relation to HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in The Gambia and Thailand
Toxicology Letters, Volume 64-65, No. C, Year 1992
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Description
The relative contribution of aflatoxins (AF) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) to the aetiology of liver cancer remains to be determined, as does the mechanism of any interaction between these two factors. Methods to measure individual exposure to AF permit the assessment of this possible interaction in field studies. The measurement of AF covalently bound to albumin in peripheral blood has been particularly useful in this respect. In east and west African countries the majority (75-100%) of individuals has been found positive (>5 pg AFB1-lysine eq./mg albumin) for the AF-albumin adduct with levels ranging up to 720 pg/mg. Levels of adduct to date have been age- and sex-independent, although marked seasonal variations were seen in The Gambia. Exposure also occurs in utero, with the AF-adduct being found in umbilical cord blood. In a study in The Gambia involving 323 children (age 3-8 years) the AF-albumin adduct levels were examined with respect to HBV infection and ethnic group. Over 95% of all sera contained detectable adduct but children positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) had significantly higher adduct levels than children with markers of past infection or who had never been infected (mean (log) AF-albumin adduct levels 4.41±0.95, 4.04±0.99, and 4.05±1.03 respectively, p = 0.04). In addition, there were highly significant differences in adduct levels between the three major ethnic groups (Wollof 4.41 ±0.69: Fula 4.05±1.1; Mandinka 3.7±1.14). Wollof children were also more likely to be HBsAg positive than the other two groups. These data suggest that ethnic group and HBV infection can influence AF metabolism and this is being examined in this population with respect to genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes. In addition, these biomarkers are being compared to the nature and frequency of mutations in somatic and tumour cells. © 1992.
Authors & Co-Authors
Wild, Christopher Paul
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Shrestha, Santosh Man
Nepal, Kathmandu
Bir Hospital
Anwar, Wagida A.
Egypt, Cairo
Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University
Montesano, Ruggero
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Statistics
Citations: 60
Authors: 4
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/0378-4274(92)90219-A
ISSN:
03784274
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Gambia