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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Lead levels in new enamel household paints from Asia, Africa and South America
Environmental Research, Volume 109, No. 7, Year 2009
Notification
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Description
In 2006 a report on the analysis for lead in 80 new residential paints from four countries in Asia revealed high levels in three of the countries (China, India and Malaysia) and low levels in a fourth country (Singapore) where a lead in paint regulation was enforced. The authors warned of the possible export of lead-painted consumer products to the United States and other countries and the dangers the lead paint represented to children in the countries where it was available for purchase. The need for a worldwide ban on the use of lead in paints was emphasized to prevent an increase in exposure and disease from this very preventable environmental source. Since the earlier paper almost 300 additional new paint samples have been collected from the four initial countries plus 8 additional countries, three from Asia, three from Africa and two from South America. During the intervening time period two million toys and other items imported into the United States were recalled because the lead content exceeded the United States standard. High lead paints were detected in all 12 countries. The average lead concentration by country ranged from 6988 (Singapore) to 31,960 ppm (Ecuador). One multinational company sold high lead paint in one country through January 2007 but sold low lead paint later in 2007 indicating that a major change to cease adding lead to their paints had occurred. However, the finding that almost one-third of the samples would meet the new United States standard for new paint of 90 ppm, suggests that the technology is already available in at least 11 of the 12 countries to produce low lead enamel paints for domestic use. The need remains urgent to establish effective worldwide controls to prevent the needless poisoning of millions of children from this preventable exposure. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Clark, C. Scott
United States, Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
Rampal, Krishna Gopal
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Faculty of Medicine, Ukm
Venkatesh, Thuppil
India, Bengaluru
St. John's Medical College
Roda, Sandy M.B.
United States, Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
Succop, Paul Allan
United States, Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
Menrath, William
United States, Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
Chen, Chin K.
Singapore, Singapore City
Singapore Polytechnic
Adebamowo, Eugenious O.
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Agbede, Oluwole Akinyele
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Sridhar, Mynepalli Kameswara Chandra
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Adebamowo, Clement
Nigeria, Ibadan
University of Ibadan
Zakaria, Yehia
Egypt, Giza
Cairo University
El-Safty, Amal Mohamed Kamal
Egypt, Giza
Cairo University
Shinde, Rana M.
Seychelles, Mahe
University of Seychelles
Yu, Jiefei
United States, Cincinnati
University of Cincinnati
Statistics
Citations: 64
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.002
ISSN:
00139351
e-ISSN:
10960953
Research Areas
Maternal And Child Health