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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Surveillance for respiratory health care-associated infections among inpatients in 3 Kenyan hospitals, 2010-2012
American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 42, No. 9, Year 2014
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Description
Background Although health care-associated infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, the epidemiology and etiology of respiratory health care-associated infections (rHAIs) have not been documented in Kenya. In 2010, the Ministry of Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated surveillance for rHAIs at 3 hospitals. Methods At each hospital, we surveyed intensive care units (ICUs), pediatric wards, and medical wards to identify patients with rHAIs, defined as any hospital-onset (≤3 days after admission) fever (≤38°C) or hypothermia (<35°C) with concurrent signs or symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected from these patients and tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza and 7 other viruses. Results From April 2010-September 2012, of the 379 rHAI cases, 60.7% were men and 57.3% were children <18 years old. The overall incidence of rHAIs was 9.2 per 10,000 patient days, with the highest incidence in the ICUs. Of all specimens analyzed, 45.7% had at least 1 respiratory virus detected; 92.2% of all positive viral specimens were identified in patients <18 years old. Conclusion We identified rHAIs in all ward types under surveillance in Kenyan hospitals. Viruses may have a substantial role in these infections, particularly among pediatric populations. Further research is needed to refine case definitions and understand rHAIs in ICUs. © 2014 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Ndegwa, Linus K.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenyatta University
Katz, Mark A.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
McCormick, Kelly
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ng'Ang'A, Zipporah W.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Mungai, Ann
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenyatta National Hospital
Emukule, Gideon O.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Kollmann, Martin
Kenya, Nairobi
University of Nairobi
Mayieka, Lilian M.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Otieno, James Richard
Kenya, Nairobi
Ministry of Medical Services
Kenya, Kisumu
New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital
Breiman, Robert F.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Mott, Joshua Adam
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ellingson, Katherine D.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Statistics
Citations: 20
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.022
ISSN:
01966553
e-ISSN:
15273296
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Locations
Kenya
Participants Gender
Male