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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Zinc oxide nanorod based photonic devices: Recent progress in growth, lightemitting diodes and lasers
Nanotechnology, Volume 20, No. 33, Article 332001, Year 2009
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Description
Zinc oxide (ZnO), with its excellent luminescent properties and the ease of growth of its nanostructures, holds promise for the development of photonic devices. The recent advances in growth of ZnO nanorods are discussed. Results from both low temperature and high temperature growth approaches are presented. The techniques which are presented include metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), vapour phase epitaxy (VPE), pulse laser deposition (PLD), vapour-liquid-solid (VLS), aqueous chemical growth (ACG) and finally the electrodeposition technique as an example of a selective growth approach. Results from structural as well as optical properties of a variety of ZnO nanorods are shown and analysed using different techniques, including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL), for both room temperature and for low temperature performance. These results indicate that the grown ZnO nanorods possess reproducible and interesting optical properties. Results on obtaining p-type doping in ZnO micro-and nanorods are also demonstrated using PLD. Three independent indications were found for p-type conducting, phosphorus-doped ZnO nanorods: first, acceptor-related CL peaks, second, opposite transfer characteristics of back-gate field effect transistors using undoped and phosphorus doped wire channels, and finally, rectifying I-V characteristics of ZnO:P nanowire/ZnO:Ga p-n junctions. Then light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on n-ZnO nanorods combined with different technologies (hybrid technologies) are suggested and the recent electrical, as well as electro-optical, characteristics of these LEDs are shown and discussed. The hybrid LEDs reviewed and discussed here are mainly presented for two groups: those based on n-ZnO nanorods and p-type crystalline substrates, and those based on n-ZnO nanorods and p-type amorphous substrates. Promising electroluminescence characteristics aimed at the development of white LEDs are demonstrated. Although some of the presented LEDs show visible emission for applied biases in excess of 10 V, optimized structures are expected to provide the same emission at much lower voltage. Finally, lasing from ZnO nanorods is briefly reviewed. An example of a recent whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing from ZnO is demonstrated as a way to enhance the stimulated emission from small size structures. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Willander, Magnus
Sweden, Linkoping
Linköpings Universitet
Nur, Omer
Sweden, Linkoping
Linköpings Universitet
Lorenz, Michael Peter Andreas
Germany, Leipzig
Universität Leipzig
Cao, Bingqiang
Germany, Leipzig
Universität Leipzig
Japan, Fukuoka
Kyushu University
Grundmann, Marius
Germany, Leipzig
Universität Leipzig
Bakin, Andrey
Germany, Braunschweig
Technische Universität Braunschweig
El-Shaer, Abdelhamid
Germany, Braunschweig
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Waag, Andreas A.
Germany, Braunschweig
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Statistics
Citations: 593
Authors: 8
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1088/0957-4484/20/33/332001
ISSN:
13616528
Research Areas
Environmental