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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis: Failure of heartworm preventives and investigation of genetic markers for resistance
Veterinary Parasitology, Volume 210, No. 3-4, Year 2015
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Description
Macrocyclic lactone (ML) endectocides are used as chemoprophylaxis for heartworm infection (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs and cats. Claims of loss of efficacy (LOE) of ML heartworm preventives have become common in some locations in the USA. We directly tested whether resistance to MLs exists in LOE isolates of D. immitis and identified genetic markers that are correlated with, and therefore can predict ML resistance. ML controlled studies showed that LOE strains of D. immitis established infections in dogs despite chemoprophylaxis with oral ivermectin or injectable moxidectin. A whole genome approach was used to search for loci associated with the resistance phenotype. Many loci showed highly significant differences between pools of susceptible and LOE D. immitis. Based on 186 potential marker loci, Sequenom® SNP frequency analyses were conducted on 663 individual parasites (adult worms and microfilariae) which were phenotypically characterized as susceptible (SUS), confirmed ML treatment survivors/resistant (RES), or suspected resistant/loss of efficacy (LOE) parasites. There was a subset of SNP loci which appears to be promising markers for predicting ML resistance, including SNPs in some genes that have been associated with ML resistance in other parasites. These data provide unequivocal proof of ML resistance in D. immitis and identify genetic markers that could be used to monitor for ML resistance in heartworms. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Authors & Co-Authors
Bourguinat, Catherine
Canada, Sainte-anne-de-bellevue
Mcgill University, Macdonald Campus
Blagburn, Byron L.
United States, Auburn
Auburn University
Liotta, Janice L.
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
Peregrine, Andrew S.
Canada, Guelph
University of Guelph
Schenker, Rudolf
Unknown Affiliation
Kaminsky, Ronald
Unknown Affiliation
Bowman, Dwight Douglas
United States, Ithaca
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
Geary, Timothy G.
Canada, Sainte-anne-de-bellevue
Mcgill University, Macdonald Campus
Prichard, Roger K.
Canada, Sainte-anne-de-bellevue
Mcgill University, Macdonald Campus
Statistics
Citations: 114
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.002
ISSN:
03044017
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Health System And Policy